Australia Flashcards
1
Q
What are two key factors in South Australia’s rise to prominence?
A
1- Phylloxera (confined only to Victoria and New South Wales, led way for South Australia to emerge as the largest region of production) 2- Creation of the Commonwealth of Australia (federation brought a relaxation of the interstate trade barriers)
2
Q
Who developed bag-in-the-box technology?
A
Australians
3
Q
What two Adelaide based centers have helped to improve Austrialia’s understanding of wine?
A
The Australian Wine Research Institute and the Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)
4
Q
Who did ‘flying winemakers’ originally refer to?
A
Winemakers from Australia
5
Q
Who developed the counterintuitive technique of minimal (zero) pruning?
A
CSIRO
6
Q
How many winemakers of Australia account for nearly 70% of wine production?
A
14
7
Q
When was ‘Grange’ debuted? Who was the winemaker? Who is the producer? What was it originally called?
A
1951; Max Schubert; Penfolds; Grange Hermitage
8
Q
Who makes ‘Hill of Grace’?
A
Henschke
9
Q
When was Wine Australia created? What was the original name?
A
1981 as the Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation
10
Q
What does Wine Australia do?
A
Maintains oversight of the wine industry- regulates label language, defines geographical boundaries of wine regions, moderates exports and trade, promotes the wines at home and abroad
11
Q
Who introduced the Label Integrity Program for Australia? When?
A
Wine Australia introduced it in 1990
12
Q
What are the minimum percentages for any Australian wines labeled with vintage, varietal or region?
A
85%
13
Q
What are the requirements in Australia for listing multiple varieties on the label?
A
They must be listed in the order of proportion in the blend. All components making up a minimum of 85% of the blend must appear on the label. No listed grape may be in lower proportion than an unnamed varietal
14
Q
How are regions in Australia defined by Wine Australia?
A
as Geographical Indications (GIs)
15
Q
How are the wine regions of Australia divided?
A
State -> Zone -> Region -> Sub-region
16
Q
How are regions and sub-regions defined by Wine Australia?
5 x 5 x 500
A
Single tracts of land, compromising at least five independently owned vineyards of at least five hectares apiece, with a minimum output of 500 tons of wine grapes annually
17
Q
When did Wine Australia authorize the multistate zone of South Eastern Australia? What does it encompass?
A
1996; Includes all of Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales and the winegrowing areas of South Australia (part) and Queensland
18
Q
When and where were the first vineyards planted in Australia?
A
In New South Wales in 1788
19
Q
What mountain range runs through New South Wales?
A
The Great Dividing Range
20
Q
What is the Riverina region also known as?
A
Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area
21
Q
What sides of the Great Dividing Range is Riverina?
A
West
22
Q
Who is the producer of [yellow tail]? Where do they source most of their fruit?
A
Casella; Riverina
23
Q
Who produces a Botrytised dessert wine in the Riverina?
A
De Bortoli- it is called ‘Noble One’
24
Q
What is the climate of the Hunter region?
A
Subtropical- it has one of the warmest climates in Australia- mitigated by high amounts of humidity, rain and wind (21 inches of rain)
25
What is Hunter Riesling?
Semillon
26
Name a top bottling of Hunter Riesling.
Vat 1 by Tyrrell
27
What are the popular grapes in the Hunter region?
Semillon and Verdelho as well as Shiraz and Cab Sauv
28
Where are the oldest Verdelho plantings in Australia?
Broke Fordwich, Hunter, Hunter zone, New South Wales, Australia
29
What are the soils of Broke Fordwich?
Sandy, alluvial soils
30
What is the climate of Canberra District region?
Continental
31
What is a top bottling of Canberra District region?
Clonakilla's Canberra District Shiraz- co-fermented with a small percentage of Viognier
32
What is the climate of Tumbarumba GI?
Alpine, cool-climate
33
What is Tumbarumba GI known for? (New South Wales)
Still and sparkling wines from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay
34
What is the smallest and coolest state on Australia's mainland?
Victoria
35
What cools coastal Victoria?
Sea breezes blowing up from Antarctica
36
What is the climate of the Port Phillip Zone?
Cool, maritime climate
37
What is Victoria's oldest wine region?
The Yarra Valley GI
38
When did Moet & Chandon move into Australia? Where did they open up shop?
Moet & Chandon opened Australian Domaine Chandon in 1987 in the Yarra Valley GI
39
What are the two distinct soils of the Yarra Valley GI?
Grey-brown sandy loam and red basalt-derived
40
What is the climate of the Mornington Peninsula?
Profoundly maritime, even cooler and windier than the rest of Victoria
41
What grapes are popular in the Mornington Peninsula?
Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris and Chardonnay
42
What is the climate of the North East Victoria, North West Victoria and Central Victoria zones?
More continental, typified by a large diurnal swing, and North West Victoria is the hottest of the three
43
What two GI regions are shared between Victoria and New South Wales?
Murray Darling and Swan Hill
44
What are the most popular grapes of North West Victoria?
Chardonnay and Shiraz
45
Where is the producer Tahbilk located? What are they known for?
Nagambie Lakes, Goulburn, Located in Central Victoria, they managed to protect their vineyards from Phylloxera and they produce their flagship Shiraz from vines planted in 1860
46
What two regions within North East Victoria are known for sweet fortified wines?
Rutherglen and Glenrowan
47
When was the Muscat of Rutherglen Network established? What did they do?
In 1995; They developed a voluntary four-tier classification system for the wines based on age, sweetness and complexity. (Producers are responsible for classifying their own wines based on taste alone.) Member wines are denoted by a stylized "R" on the label.
48
Where is production concentrated within the state of South Australia?
In the lower southeastern sector of the state
49
What is the climate of Coonawarra?
Cool, maritime influenced
50
What region of Australia is often considered to producer the best Cabernet Sauvignon?
Coonawarra, within the Limestone Coast in South Australia
51
Name three of the top bottlings coming from Coonawarra.
Marjella
Wynns' "John Riddoch"
Parker Estate's "First Growth"
52
What climatic concerns do producers in Coonawarra face?
Spring frosts
53
What is the soil of Coonawarra?
Terra rossa
54
What is the soil of Padthaway GI?
Terra rossa and red-brown sandy loam
55
What is the climate of Riverland GI?
Continental and hot with low rainfall, high soil salinity and water shortages
56
What is the climate of Fleurieu zone?
Essentially Mediterranean, tempered by Southern Ocean currents and Lake Alexandria
57
What are the popular grapes of McLaren Vale GI?
Cab Sauv and Rhone varietals
58
What are the top bottlings coming out of McLaren Vale GI?
* D'Arenberg's "Dead Arm" Shiraz
* Yangarra's "High Sands" Grenache
* Drew Noon's Grenache-based "Eclipse"
* Astralis" Shiraz
59
What is the southernmost region of Mount Lofty Ranges?
Adelaide Hills GI
60
What is the climate of Adelaide Hills GI?
Cool, maritime cliamte
61
Where are the most classic and ageworthy examples of Australian Riesling found?
Clare Valley GI
62
What is the climate of Clare Valley GI?
Warmer, continental
63
What is Clare Valley GI known for?
Riesling
64
What are the two unofficial subregions of Clare Valley?
Watervale and Polish Hill River
65
What soils characterize Clare Valley's unofficial subzones of Watervale and Polish Hill River
Limestone and broken slate, respectively
66
Name a top producer from Clare Valley.
Grosset
67
What is Australia's most important region for Shiraz?
Barossa zone
68
What is the capacity of the traditional American oak hogshead?
300 L
69
Where is Penfolds based?
Barossa Valley
70
Who are the top producers from Barossa Valley?
Penfolds, Torbreck, Peter Lehmann and Rockford
71
What are the popular grapes of Eden Valley GI?
Riesling, Chardonnay, Viognier, Shiraz and Cab Sauv
72
Who are the top producers coming from Eden Valley GI?
Yalumba, Pewsey Vale and Henschke
73
What is the most acclaimed appellation in Western Australia?
Margaret River GI
74
What are the most popular grapes of Margaret River GI?
Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Bordeaux Blends
75
Who are the best known producers of Margaret River GI?
Cullen, Vasse Felix, Leeuwin Estate and Cape Mentelle
76
What are the popular grapes of Mount Barker subregion?
Riesling, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon
77
What is the hottest appellation in Australia?
Swan Valley GI
78
What is the climate of Granite Belt?
Continental with plentiful summer rain, moderated by high altitude and cooler mountain air
79
What are the popular grapes of Granite Belt?
Semillon and Shiraz
80
What unofficial region of Queensland is likely to become the state's third GI?
Darling Downs
81
What is Australia's coolest wine producing area?
Tasmania
82
What are the popular grapes of Tasmania?
Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir and Cab Sauv
83
Where does Pinot Noir flourish in Tasmania?
In the Pipers River area
84
Where does Cabernet Sauvignon flourish in Tasmania?
in the Tamar Valley and Coal River areas
85
What are the 6 states of Australia?
- Western Australia
- Queensland
- Victoria
- South Australia
- New South Wales
- Tasmania
86
Where is the Central Western Australia zone?
Western Australia, Australia
87
Where is the Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia zone?
Western Australia, Australia
88
Where is the Greater Perth zone?
Western Australia, Australia
89
What are the regions of Greater Perth?
- Peel
- Perth Hills
- Swan District
90
Where is Peel region?
Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia
91
Where is the Perth Hills region?
Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia
92
Where is the Swan District region?
Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia
93
What is the subzone of Swan District region?
Swan Valley
94
Where is Swan Valley?
Swan District, Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia
95
Where is the South West Australia zone?
Western Australia, Australia
96
What are the regions of the South West Australia zone?
- Blackwood Valley
- Geographe
- Manjimup
- Margaret River
- Pemberton
- Great Southern
97
Where is Blackwood Valley?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
98
Where is Geographe?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
99
Where is Manjimup?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
100
Where is Margaret River?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
101
Where is Pemberton?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
102
Where is Great Southern?
South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
103
What are the subzones of the Great Southern region?
- Albany
- Denmark
- Frankland River
- Mount Barker
- Porongurup
104
Where is Albany?
Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
105
Where is Denmark?
Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
106
Where is Frankland River?
Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
107
Where is Mount Barker?
Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
108
Where is Porongurup?
Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia
109
Where is West Australia South East Coastal?
Western Australia, Australia
110
What are the 5 zones of Western Australia?
- Central Western Australia
- Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia
- Greater Perth
- South West Australia
- West Australia South East Coast
111
What are the two regions of Queensland?
- South Burnett
- Granite Belt
112
Where is South Burnett?
Queensland, Australia
113
Where is Granite Belt?
Queensland, Australia
114
What are the 6 zones of Victoria?
- Central Victoria
- Gippsland
- North East Victoria
- North West Victoria
- Port Phillip
- Western Victoria
115
Where is the Central Victoria zone?
Victoria, Australia
116
What are the regions of Central Victoria?
- Bendigo
- Goulburn Valley
- Heathcote
- Strathbogie Ranges
- Upper Goulburn
117
Where is Bendigo?
Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
118
Where is Goulburn Valley?
Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
119
Where is Heathcote?
Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
120
Where is Strathbogie Ranges?
Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
121
Where is Upper Goulburn?
Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
122
What is the subzone within Goulburn Valley (Victoria)
Nagambie Lakes
123
Where is Nagambie Lakes?
Goulburn Valley, Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia
124
Where is the Gippsland zone?
Victoria, Australia
125
Where is the North East Victoria zone?
Victoria, Australia
126
What are the regions of the North East Victoria zone?
- Alpine Valleys
- Beechworth
- Glenrowan
- King Valley
- Rutherglen
127
Where is Alpine Valleys?
North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia
128
Where is Beechworth?
North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia
129
Where is Glenrowan?
North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia
130
Where is King Valley?
North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia
131
Where is Rutherglen?
North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia
132
Where is the North West Victoria zone?
Victoria, Australia
133
Where is Murray Darling?
North West Victoria, Victoria// Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia
134
Where is Swan Hill?
North West Victoria, Victoria// Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia
135
What are the two regions of the North West Victoria zone?
- Murray Darling
| - Swan Hill
136
Where is Port Phillip?
Victoria, Australia
137
What are the regions of the Port Phillips zone?
- Geelong
- Macedon Ranges
- Mornington Peninsula
- Sunbury
- Yarra Valley
138
Where is Geelong?
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
139
Where is Macedon Ranges?
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
140
Where is Mornington Peninsula?
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
141
Where is Sunbury?
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
142
Where is Yarra Valley?
Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
143
Where is the Western Victoria zone?
Victoria, Australia
144
What are the regions within the Western Victoria zone?
- Grampians
- Henty
- Pyrenees
145
Where is Grampians?
Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia
146
Where is Henty?
Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia
147
Where is Pyrenees?
Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia
148
What is the subzone of Grampians?
Great Western
149
Where is Great Western?
Grampians, Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia
150
What are the 8 zones of New South Wales?
- Big Rivers
- Central Ranges
- Hunter Valley
- North Rivers
- Northern Slopes
- South Coast
- Southern New South Wales
- Western Plains
151
Where is the Big Rivers zone?
New South Wales, Australia
152
What are the regions within the Big Rivers zone?
- Murray Darling
- Perricoota
- Riverina
- Swan Hill
153
Where is Perricoota?
Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia
154
Where is Riverina?
Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia
155
Where is the Central Ranges zone?
New South Wales, Australia
156
What are the regions within the Central Ranges zone (NSW)?
- Cowra
- Mudgee
- Orange
157
Where is Cowra?
Central Ranges, New South Wales, Australia
158
Where is Mudgee?
Central Ranges, New South Wales, Australia
159
Where is Orange?
Central Ranges, New South Wales, Australia
160
Where is the Hunter Valley zone?
New South Wales, Australia
161
What is the region of the Hunter Valley zone?
Hunter
162
Where is the Hunter region?
Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
163
What are the subregions of Hunter?
- Broke Fordwich
- Pokolbin
- Upper Hunter Valley
164
Where is Broke Fordwich?
Hunter, Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
165
Where is Pokolbin?
Hunter, Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
166
Where is Upper Hunter Valley?
Hunter, Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia
167
Where is the North Rivers zone?
New South Wales, Australia
168
What is the region within the North Rivers zone?
Hastings River
169
Where is Hastings River?
North Rivers, New South Wales, Australia
170
What is the region within the Northern Slopes zone (NSW)?
New England Australia
171
Where is New England Australia?
Northern Slopes, New South Wales, Australia
172
Where is the South Coast zone?
New South Wales, Australia
173
What are the regions within the South Coast zone?
- Shoalhaven Coast
| - Southern Highlands
174
Where is Shoalhaven Coast?
South Coast, New South Wales, Australia
175
Where is Southern Highlands?
South Coast, New South Wales, Australia
176
Where is Southern New South Wales?
New South Wales, Australia
177
What are the regions within the Southern New South Wales zone?
- Canberra District
- Tumbarumba
- Hilltops
- Gundagai
178
Where is Canberra District?
Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
179
Where is Tumbarumba?
Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
180
Where is Hilltops?
Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
181
Where in Gundagai?
Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
182
Where is the Western Plains zone?
New South Wales, Australia
183
Where is the Adelaide superzone (Barossa, Fleurieu, Mount Lofty Ranges)?
South Australia, Australia
184
What are the zones of the Adelaide superzone?
- Barossa
- Fleurieu
- Mount Lofty Ranges
185
Where is the Barossa zone?
Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
186
Where is Barossa Valley?
Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
187
Where is Eden Valley?
Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
188
What are the regions of the Barossa zone?
- Barossa Valley
- Eden Valley
189
What is the subregion of Eden Valley?
High Eden
190
Where is High Eden?
Eden Valley, Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
191
Where is the Fleurieu zone?
Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
192
What are the regions of the Fleurieu zone?
- Currency Creek
- Kangaroo Island
- Langhorne Creek
- McLaren Vale
- Southern Fleurieu
193
Where is Currency Creek?
Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
194
Where is Kangaroo Island?
Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
195
Where is Langhorne Creek?
Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
196
Where is McLaren Vale?
Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
197
Where is Southern Fleurieu?
Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
198
Where is Mount Lofty Ranges?
Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
199
What are the regions of Mount Lofty Ranges?
- Adelaide Hills
- Adelaide Plains
- Clare Valley
200
Where is Adelaide Hills?
Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
201
Where is Lenswood?
Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
202
Where is Picadily Valley?
Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
203
Where is Adelaide Plains?
Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
204
Where is Clare Valley?
Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia
205
Where is the Far North zone?
South Australia, Australia
206
What is the sole region of the Far North ?
Southern Flinders Ranges
207
Where is Southern Flinders Ranges?
Far North, South Australia, Australia
208
Where is the Limestone Coast zone?
South Australia, Australia
209
What are the regions within the Limestone Coast zone?
- Coonawarra
- Mount Benson
- Padthaway
- Robe
- Wrattonbully
- Mount Gambier
210
Where is Coonawarra?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
211
Where is Mount Benson?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
212
Where is Padthaway?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
213
Where is Robe?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
214
Where is Wrattonbully?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
215
Where s Mount Gambier?
Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia
216
Where is the Lower Murray zone?
South Australia, Australia
217
What is the sole region within the Lower Murray zone?
Riverland
218
Where is Riverland?
Lower Murray, South Australia, Australia
219
Where is The Peninsulas zone?
South Australia, Australia
220
What are the unofficial subregions of Northern Tasmania?
- Pipes River
- Tamar Valley
- North West Coast
221
Where is Pipers River?
Northern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
222
Where is Tamar Valley?
Northern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
223
Where is North West Coast?
Northern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
224
What are the unofficial subregions of Southern Tasmania?
- Derwent Valley
- Huon Valley
- Coal River/ Richmond
- The East Coast (Canbrook/Bicheno area)
225
Where is Derwent Valley?
Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
226
Where is Huon Valley?
Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
227
Where is Coal River/Richmond?
Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
228
Where is The East Coast?
Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
229
When and where did Phylloxera hit Australia?
The mid- to late-1800's, mostly confined to Victoria and parts of New South Wales.
230
What is Australia's largest region by production?
South Australia, with over 50% of production
231
What two major Australian wineries were founded during the Australian Gold Rush of the 1850's?
Penfolds and Lindemans
232
What are the four cornerstones of Australian Winemaking?
Technical Proficiency
Mechanical Harvesting
Irrigation
Blending
233
What do many of Australia's luxury bottlings have in common?
They are frequently made from old vine parcels - because of Australia's success in isolating phylloxera, there are many very old vineyards (150+), planted on their own rootstocks.
234
What vintages were terribly affected by drought in the 2000's?
2003
2006
2007
2008
2009
235
When was the Label Integrity Program introduced, and what does it do?
1990
Currently, if stating vintage, varietal, or region, 85% of the wine must comply.
If listing a multi-vintage wine, all vintages must be listed, in descending order of importance.
If listing a blended wine, only the grapes making up 85% must be listed, but the others can, as long as no listed variety makes up a smaller percentage than the rest.
If listing a wine blended across regions, all regions must be listed in descending order of importance.
236
What changed in the Label Integrity Program in 2010?
Previously, all grapes must be listed, regardless of %.
237
When does the Southern Hemisphere harvest occur in relation to the Northern Hemisphere harvest?
6mos EARLIER, so the new release of SH wines will always hit the shelves first.
238
Wine regions in Australia are defined as what?
Geographical Indications (GIs), and listed on the Register of Protected Names
239
What are the requirements for a GI, and what are the relative sizes?
Divided into Zones, Regions, and Subregions. Each must comprise five independently owned vineyards of at least 5ha each, with a minimum output of 500tons annually.
240
What is South Eastern Australia?
A "superzone" encompassing Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, and parts of South Australia and Queensland, formed as a response to the EU directive that varietal wines have a single place of origin.
241
If a wine is labeled as Australia, may the producer include vintage or varietal for export to the EU?
NO
242
Queensland: official and unofficial GI's
(clockwise from 11:00)
South Burnett GI
Sunshine Coast & Hinterlands
Brisbane & Scenic Rim
Gold Coast & Hinterlands
Granite Belt GI
Darling Downs
243
Granite Belt: climate and natural features
Subtropical but very high altitude (700M+), fraught with spring frosts and rain at harvest.
Great Dividing Range
Granite Belt (200 year old granitic intrusion, running down into New England Australia, sometimes called the New England Tableland)
244
South Burnett: climate and natural features
Subtropical and continental, with more growing season rainfall than any other continental climate in the country.
Burnett River (north)
Blackbutt, Brisbane, and Coast Ranges (east)
Great Dividing Range (south)
245
What is Australia's coolest growing region?
Tasmania
246
What is Tasmania's most notable product?
Sparkling Wine Traditional method
247
Northern Tasmania Unofficial Subzones
(west to east)
North West Coast
Tamar Valley (generally achieves ripeness earlier, making it more suitable for late ripening varieties)
Pipers River (within Tamar, better for early ripening varieties)
248
Where is Jansz, who founded it, and who owns it now?
Jansz is in Pipers River (northern Tasmania)
Founded as a collaboration between Heemskerk (Tassie) and Louis Roederer, now owned by Hill-Smith Family Vineyards (Yalumba).
249
What is the relationship between Michael Hill Smith and Robert and Sam Hill Smith?
They are second cousins. Robert and Sam own Yalumba; Michael took the buy-out check when they took over and founded Shaw + Smith.
250
Southern Tasmania Unofficial Subzones
(west to east)
Huon Valley
Derwent Valley
Coal River/Richmond (longer sunlight hous, can ripen later maturing varieties)
East Coast
251
When was Langton's Classification published, and what does it classify?
1990
Specific bottlings (as opposed to producers); must be made for 10 vintages, and is based heavily on the wine's value on the secondary market.
252
Top five varieties, by planting:
Shiraz
Cabernet Sauvignon
Chardonnay
Merlot
Semillon
253
What term replaces Sherry?
Apera
254
What is dekkera bruxellensis, and when and where was it mapped?
Brettanomyces; isolated by the Australian Wine Research Institute in 2011.
255
What is Regulated Deficit Irrigation?
RDI is a system that creates water stress during key periods of the vine's development by lower the total amount of applied water; limits vegetative growth, lowers yields, and encourages fruit coloration and smaller berries. Good for red wines. Minor water savings.
256
What is Partial Rootzone Drying?
A system that alternates the application of water from one side of the rootzone to the other, reducing water use by 50%. Similar results in terms of heightened grape quality, but does not lower yield in the same way.
257
What is significant about Australia's federation in 1901?
It removed interstate trade barriers, allowing wineries access to all major cities, leading to SA's taking the lead in production and several other regions shrinking or ceasing in production as a result.
