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Australia Flashcards

1
Q

What are two key factors in South Australia’s rise to prominence?

A

1- Phylloxera (confined only to Victoria and New South Wales, led way for South Australia to emerge as the largest region of production) 2- Creation of the Commonwealth of Australia (federation brought a relaxation of the interstate trade barriers)

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2
Q

Who developed bag-in-the-box technology?

A

Australians

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3
Q

What two Adelaide based centers have helped to improve Austrialia’s understanding of wine?

A

The Australian Wine Research Institute and the Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)

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4
Q

Who did ‘flying winemakers’ originally refer to?

A

Winemakers from Australia

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5
Q

Who developed the counterintuitive technique of minimal (zero) pruning?

A

CSIRO

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6
Q

How many winemakers of Australia account for nearly 70% of wine production?

A

14

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7
Q

When was ‘Grange’ debuted? Who was the winemaker? Who is the producer? What was it originally called?

A

1951; Max Schubert; Penfolds; Grange Hermitage

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8
Q

Who makes ‘Hill of Grace’?

A

Henschke

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9
Q

When was Wine Australia created? What was the original name?

A

1981 as the Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation

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10
Q

What does Wine Australia do?

A

Maintains oversight of the wine industry- regulates label language, defines geographical boundaries of wine regions, moderates exports and trade, promotes the wines at home and abroad

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11
Q

Who introduced the Label Integrity Program for Australia? When?

A

Wine Australia introduced it in 1990

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12
Q

What are the minimum percentages for any Australian wines labeled with vintage, varietal or region?

A

85%

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13
Q

What are the requirements in Australia for listing multiple varieties on the label?

A

They must be listed in the order of proportion in the blend. All components making up a minimum of 85% of the blend must appear on the label. No listed grape may be in lower proportion than an unnamed varietal

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14
Q

How are regions in Australia defined by Wine Australia?

A

as Geographical Indications (GIs)

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15
Q

How are the wine regions of Australia divided?

A

State -> Zone -> Region -> Sub-region

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16
Q

How are regions and sub-regions defined by Wine Australia?

5 x 5 x 500

A

Single tracts of land, compromising at least five independently owned vineyards of at least five hectares apiece, with a minimum output of 500 tons of wine grapes annually

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17
Q

When did Wine Australia authorize the multistate zone of South Eastern Australia? What does it encompass?

A

1996; Includes all of Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales and the winegrowing areas of South Australia (part) and Queensland

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18
Q

When and where were the first vineyards planted in Australia?

A

In New South Wales in 1788

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19
Q

What mountain range runs through New South Wales?

A

The Great Dividing Range

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20
Q

What is the Riverina region also known as?

A

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

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21
Q

What sides of the Great Dividing Range is Riverina?

A

West

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22
Q

Who is the producer of [yellow tail]? Where do they source most of their fruit?

A

Casella; Riverina

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23
Q

Who produces a Botrytised dessert wine in the Riverina?

A

De Bortoli- it is called ‘Noble One’

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24
Q

What is the climate of the Hunter region?

A

Subtropical- it has one of the warmest climates in Australia- mitigated by high amounts of humidity, rain and wind (21 inches of rain)

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25
Q

What is Hunter Riesling?

A

Semillon

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26
Q

Name a top bottling of Hunter Riesling.

A

Vat 1 by Tyrrell

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27
Q

What are the popular grapes in the Hunter region?

A

Semillon and Verdelho as well as Shiraz and Cab Sauv

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28
Q

Where are the oldest Verdelho plantings in Australia?

A

Broke Fordwich, Hunter, Hunter zone, New South Wales, Australia

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29
Q

What are the soils of Broke Fordwich?

A

Sandy, alluvial soils

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30
Q

What is the climate of Canberra District region?

A

Continental

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31
Q

What is a top bottling of Canberra District region?

A

Clonakilla’s Canberra District Shiraz- co-fermented with a small percentage of Viognier

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32
Q

What is the climate of Tumbarumba GI?

A

Alpine, cool-climate

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33
Q

What is Tumbarumba GI known for? (New South Wales)

A

Still and sparkling wines from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

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34
Q

What is the smallest and coolest state on Australia’s mainland?

A

Victoria

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35
Q

What cools coastal Victoria?

A

Sea breezes blowing up from Antarctica

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36
Q

What is the climate of the Port Phillip Zone?

A

Cool, maritime climate

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37
Q

What is Victoria’s oldest wine region?

A

The Yarra Valley GI

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38
Q

When did Moet & Chandon move into Australia? Where did they open up shop?

A

Moet & Chandon opened Australian Domaine Chandon in 1987 in the Yarra Valley GI

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39
Q

What are the two distinct soils of the Yarra Valley GI?

A

Grey-brown sandy loam and red basalt-derived

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40
Q

What is the climate of the Mornington Peninsula?

A

Profoundly maritime, even cooler and windier than the rest of Victoria

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41
Q

What grapes are popular in the Mornington Peninsula?

A

Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris and Chardonnay

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42
Q

What is the climate of the North East Victoria, North West Victoria and Central Victoria zones?

A

More continental, typified by a large diurnal swing, and North West Victoria is the hottest of the three

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43
Q

What two GI regions are shared between Victoria and New South Wales?

A

Murray Darling and Swan Hill

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44
Q

What are the most popular grapes of North West Victoria?

A

Chardonnay and Shiraz

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45
Q

Where is the producer Tahbilk located? What are they known for?

A

Nagambie Lakes, Goulburn, Located in Central Victoria, they managed to protect their vineyards from Phylloxera and they produce their flagship Shiraz from vines planted in 1860

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46
Q

What two regions within North East Victoria are known for sweet fortified wines?

A

Rutherglen and Glenrowan

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47
Q

When was the Muscat of Rutherglen Network established? What did they do?

A

In 1995; They developed a voluntary four-tier classification system for the wines based on age, sweetness and complexity. (Producers are responsible for classifying their own wines based on taste alone.) Member wines are denoted by a stylized “R” on the label.

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48
Q

Where is production concentrated within the state of South Australia?

A

In the lower southeastern sector of the state

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49
Q

What is the climate of Coonawarra?

A

Cool, maritime influenced

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50
Q

What region of Australia is often considered to producer the best Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Coonawarra, within the Limestone Coast in South Australia

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51
Q

Name three of the top bottlings coming from Coonawarra.

A

Marjella
Wynns’ “John Riddoch”
Parker Estate’s “First Growth”

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52
Q

What climatic concerns do producers in Coonawarra face?

A

Spring frosts

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53
Q

What is the soil of Coonawarra?

A

Terra rossa

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54
Q

What is the soil of Padthaway GI?

A

Terra rossa and red-brown sandy loam

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55
Q

What is the climate of Riverland GI?

A

Continental and hot with low rainfall, high soil salinity and water shortages

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56
Q

What is the climate of Fleurieu zone?

A

Essentially Mediterranean, tempered by Southern Ocean currents and Lake Alexandria

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57
Q

What are the popular grapes of McLaren Vale GI?

A

Cab Sauv and Rhone varietals

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58
Q

What are the top bottlings coming out of McLaren Vale GI?

A
  • D’Arenberg’s “Dead Arm” Shiraz
  • Yangarra’s “High Sands” Grenache
  • Drew Noon’s Grenache-based “Eclipse”
  • Astralis” Shiraz
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59
Q

What is the southernmost region of Mount Lofty Ranges?

A

Adelaide Hills GI

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60
Q

What is the climate of Adelaide Hills GI?

A

Cool, maritime cliamte

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61
Q

Where are the most classic and ageworthy examples of Australian Riesling found?

A

Clare Valley GI

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62
Q

What is the climate of Clare Valley GI?

A

Warmer, continental

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63
Q

What is Clare Valley GI known for?

A

Riesling

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64
Q

What are the two unofficial subregions of Clare Valley?

A

Watervale and Polish Hill River

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65
Q

What soils characterize Clare Valley’s unofficial subzones of Watervale and Polish Hill River

A

Limestone and broken slate, respectively

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66
Q

Name a top producer from Clare Valley.

A

Grosset

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67
Q

What is Australia’s most important region for Shiraz?

A

Barossa zone

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68
Q

What is the capacity of the traditional American oak hogshead?

A

300 L

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69
Q

Where is Penfolds based?

A

Barossa Valley

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70
Q

Who are the top producers from Barossa Valley?

A

Penfolds, Torbreck, Peter Lehmann and Rockford

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71
Q

What are the popular grapes of Eden Valley GI?

A

Riesling, Chardonnay, Viognier, Shiraz and Cab Sauv

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72
Q

Who are the top producers coming from Eden Valley GI?

A

Yalumba, Pewsey Vale and Henschke

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73
Q

What is the most acclaimed appellation in Western Australia?

A

Margaret River GI

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74
Q

What are the most popular grapes of Margaret River GI?

A

Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Bordeaux Blends

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75
Q

Who are the best known producers of Margaret River GI?

A

Cullen, Vasse Felix, Leeuwin Estate and Cape Mentelle

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76
Q

What are the popular grapes of Mount Barker subregion?

A

Riesling, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon

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77
Q

What is the hottest appellation in Australia?

A

Swan Valley GI

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78
Q

What is the climate of Granite Belt?

A

Continental with plentiful summer rain, moderated by high altitude and cooler mountain air

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79
Q

What are the popular grapes of Granite Belt?

A

Semillon and Shiraz

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80
Q

What unofficial region of Queensland is likely to become the state’s third GI?

A

Darling Downs

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81
Q

What is Australia’s coolest wine producing area?

A

Tasmania

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82
Q

What are the popular grapes of Tasmania?

A

Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Noir and Cab Sauv

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83
Q

Where does Pinot Noir flourish in Tasmania?

A

In the Pipers River area

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84
Q

Where does Cabernet Sauvignon flourish in Tasmania?

A

in the Tamar Valley and Coal River areas

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85
Q

What are the 6 states of Australia?

A
  • Western Australia
  • Queensland
  • Victoria
  • South Australia
  • New South Wales
  • Tasmania
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86
Q

Where is the Central Western Australia zone?

A

Western Australia, Australia

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87
Q

Where is the Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia zone?

A

Western Australia, Australia

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88
Q

Where is the Greater Perth zone?

A

Western Australia, Australia

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89
Q

What are the regions of Greater Perth?

A
  • Peel
  • Perth Hills
  • Swan District
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90
Q

Where is Peel region?

A

Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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91
Q

Where is the Perth Hills region?

A

Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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92
Q

Where is the Swan District region?

A

Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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93
Q

What is the subzone of Swan District region?

A

Swan Valley

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94
Q

Where is Swan Valley?

A

Swan District, Greater Perth, Western Australia, Australia

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95
Q

Where is the South West Australia zone?

A

Western Australia, Australia

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96
Q

What are the regions of the South West Australia zone?

A
  • Blackwood Valley
  • Geographe
  • Manjimup
  • Margaret River
  • Pemberton
  • Great Southern
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97
Q

Where is Blackwood Valley?

A

South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

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98
Q

Where is Geographe?

A

South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

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99
Q

Where is Manjimup?

A

South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

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100
Q

Where is Margaret River?

A

South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

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101
Q

Where is Pemberton?

A

South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

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102
Q

Where is Great Southern?

A

South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

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103
Q

What are the subzones of the Great Southern region?

A
  • Albany
  • Denmark
  • Frankland River
  • Mount Barker
  • Porongurup
104
Q

Where is Albany?

A

Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

105
Q

Where is Denmark?

A

Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

106
Q

Where is Frankland River?

A

Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

107
Q

Where is Mount Barker?

A

Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

108
Q

Where is Porongurup?

A

Great Southern, South West Australia, Western Australia, Australia

109
Q

Where is West Australia South East Coastal?

A

Western Australia, Australia

110
Q

What are the 5 zones of Western Australia?

A
  • Central Western Australia
  • Eastern Plains, Inland & North of Western Australia
  • Greater Perth
  • South West Australia
  • West Australia South East Coast
111
Q

What are the two regions of Queensland?

A
  • South Burnett
  • Granite Belt
112
Q

Where is South Burnett?

A

Queensland, Australia

113
Q

Where is Granite Belt?

A

Queensland, Australia

114
Q

What are the 6 zones of Victoria?

A
  • Central Victoria
  • Gippsland
  • North East Victoria
  • North West Victoria
  • Port Phillip
  • Western Victoria
115
Q

Where is the Central Victoria zone?

A

Victoria, Australia

116
Q

What are the regions of Central Victoria?

A
  • Bendigo
  • Goulburn Valley
  • Heathcote
  • Strathbogie Ranges
  • Upper Goulburn
117
Q

Where is Bendigo?

A

Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia

118
Q

Where is Goulburn Valley?

A

Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia

119
Q

Where is Heathcote?

A

Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia

120
Q

Where is Strathbogie Ranges?

A

Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia

121
Q

Where is Upper Goulburn?

A

Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia

122
Q

What is the subzone within Goulburn Valley (Victoria)

A

Nagambie Lakes

123
Q

Where is Nagambie Lakes?

A

Goulburn Valley, Central Victoria, Victoria, Australia

124
Q

Where is the Gippsland zone?

A

Victoria, Australia

125
Q

Where is the North East Victoria zone?

A

Victoria, Australia

126
Q

What are the regions of the North East Victoria zone?

A
  • Alpine Valleys
  • Beechworth
  • Glenrowan
  • King Valley
  • Rutherglen
127
Q

Where is Alpine Valleys?

A

North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia

128
Q

Where is Beechworth?

A

North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia

129
Q

Where is Glenrowan?

A

North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia

130
Q

Where is King Valley?

A

North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia

131
Q

Where is Rutherglen?

A

North East Victoria, Victoria, Australia

132
Q

Where is the North West Victoria zone?

A

Victoria, Australia

133
Q

Where is Murray Darling?

A

North West Victoria, Victoria// Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia

134
Q

Where is Swan Hill?

A

North West Victoria, Victoria// Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia

135
Q

What are the two regions of the North West Victoria zone?

A
  • Murray Darling

- Swan Hill

136
Q

Where is Port Phillip?

A

Victoria, Australia

137
Q

What are the regions of the Port Phillips zone?

A
  • Geelong
  • Macedon Ranges
  • Mornington Peninsula
  • Sunbury
  • Yarra Valley
138
Q

Where is Geelong?

A

Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia

139
Q

Where is Macedon Ranges?

A

Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia

140
Q

Where is Mornington Peninsula?

A

Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia

141
Q

Where is Sunbury?

A

Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia

142
Q

Where is Yarra Valley?

A

Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia

143
Q

Where is the Western Victoria zone?

A

Victoria, Australia

144
Q

What are the regions within the Western Victoria zone?

A
  • Grampians
  • Henty
  • Pyrenees
145
Q

Where is Grampians?

A

Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia

146
Q

Where is Henty?

A

Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia

147
Q

Where is Pyrenees?

A

Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia

148
Q

What is the subzone of Grampians?

A

Great Western

149
Q

Where is Great Western?

A

Grampians, Western Victoria, Victoria, Australia

150
Q

What are the 8 zones of New South Wales?

A
  • Big Rivers
  • Central Ranges
  • Hunter Valley
  • North Rivers
  • Northern Slopes
  • South Coast
  • Southern New South Wales
  • Western Plains
151
Q

Where is the Big Rivers zone?

A

New South Wales, Australia

152
Q

What are the regions within the Big Rivers zone?

A
  • Murray Darling
  • Perricoota
  • Riverina
  • Swan Hill
153
Q

Where is Perricoota?

A

Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia

154
Q

Where is Riverina?

A

Big Rivers, New South Wales, Australia

155
Q

Where is the Central Ranges zone?

A

New South Wales, Australia

156
Q

What are the regions within the Central Ranges zone (NSW)?

A
  • Cowra
  • Mudgee
  • Orange
157
Q

Where is Cowra?

A

Central Ranges, New South Wales, Australia

158
Q

Where is Mudgee?

A

Central Ranges, New South Wales, Australia

159
Q

Where is Orange?

A

Central Ranges, New South Wales, Australia

160
Q

Where is the Hunter Valley zone?

A

New South Wales, Australia

161
Q

What is the region of the Hunter Valley zone?

A

Hunter

162
Q

Where is the Hunter region?

A

Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia

163
Q

What are the subregions of Hunter?

A
  • Broke Fordwich
  • Pokolbin
  • Upper Hunter Valley
164
Q

Where is Broke Fordwich?

A

Hunter, Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia

165
Q

Where is Pokolbin?

A

Hunter, Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia

166
Q

Where is Upper Hunter Valley?

A

Hunter, Hunter Valley, New South Wales, Australia

167
Q

Where is the North Rivers zone?

A

New South Wales, Australia

168
Q

What is the region within the North Rivers zone?

A

Hastings River

169
Q

Where is Hastings River?

A

North Rivers, New South Wales, Australia

170
Q

What is the region within the Northern Slopes zone (NSW)?

A

New England Australia

171
Q

Where is New England Australia?

A

Northern Slopes, New South Wales, Australia

172
Q

Where is the South Coast zone?

A

New South Wales, Australia

173
Q

What are the regions within the South Coast zone?

A
  • Shoalhaven Coast

- Southern Highlands

174
Q

Where is Shoalhaven Coast?

A

South Coast, New South Wales, Australia

175
Q

Where is Southern Highlands?

A

South Coast, New South Wales, Australia

176
Q

Where is Southern New South Wales?

A

New South Wales, Australia

177
Q

What are the regions within the Southern New South Wales zone?

A
  • Canberra District
  • Tumbarumba
  • Hilltops
  • Gundagai
178
Q

Where is Canberra District?

A

Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia

179
Q

Where is Tumbarumba?

A

Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia

180
Q

Where is Hilltops?

A

Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia

181
Q

Where in Gundagai?

A

Southern New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia

182
Q

Where is the Western Plains zone?

A

New South Wales, Australia

183
Q

Where is the Adelaide superzone (Barossa, Fleurieu, Mount Lofty Ranges)?

A

South Australia, Australia

184
Q

What are the zones of the Adelaide superzone?

A
  • Barossa
  • Fleurieu
  • Mount Lofty Ranges
185
Q

Where is the Barossa zone?

A

Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

186
Q

Where is Barossa Valley?

A

Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

187
Q

Where is Eden Valley?

A

Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

188
Q

What are the regions of the Barossa zone?

A
  • Barossa Valley
  • Eden Valley
189
Q

What is the subregion of Eden Valley?

A

High Eden

190
Q

Where is High Eden?

A

Eden Valley, Barossa, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

191
Q

Where is the Fleurieu zone?

A

Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

192
Q

What are the regions of the Fleurieu zone?

A
  • Currency Creek
  • Kangaroo Island
  • Langhorne Creek
  • McLaren Vale
  • Southern Fleurieu
193
Q

Where is Currency Creek?

A

Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

194
Q

Where is Kangaroo Island?

A

Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

195
Q

Where is Langhorne Creek?

A

Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

196
Q

Where is McLaren Vale?

A

Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

197
Q

Where is Southern Fleurieu?

A

Fleurieu, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

198
Q

Where is Mount Lofty Ranges?

A

Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

199
Q

What are the regions of Mount Lofty Ranges?

A
  • Adelaide Hills
  • Adelaide Plains
  • Clare Valley
200
Q

Where is Adelaide Hills?

A

Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

201
Q

Where is Lenswood?

A

Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

202
Q

Where is Picadily Valley?

A

Adelaide Hills, Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

203
Q

Where is Adelaide Plains?

A

Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

204
Q

Where is Clare Valley?

A

Mount Lofty Ranges, Adelaide superzone, South Australia, Australia

205
Q

Where is the Far North zone?

A

South Australia, Australia

206
Q

What is the sole region of the Far North ?

A

Southern Flinders Ranges

207
Q

Where is Southern Flinders Ranges?

A

Far North, South Australia, Australia

208
Q

Where is the Limestone Coast zone?

A

South Australia, Australia

209
Q

What are the regions within the Limestone Coast zone?

A
  • Coonawarra
  • Mount Benson
  • Padthaway
  • Robe
  • Wrattonbully
  • Mount Gambier
210
Q

Where is Coonawarra?

A

Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia

211
Q

Where is Mount Benson?

A

Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia

212
Q

Where is Padthaway?

A

Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia

213
Q

Where is Robe?

A

Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia

214
Q

Where is Wrattonbully?

A

Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia

215
Q

Where s Mount Gambier?

A

Limestone Coast, South Australia, Australia

216
Q

Where is the Lower Murray zone?

A

South Australia, Australia

217
Q

What is the sole region within the Lower Murray zone?

A

Riverland

218
Q

Where is Riverland?

A

Lower Murray, South Australia, Australia

219
Q

Where is The Peninsulas zone?

A

South Australia, Australia

220
Q

What are the unofficial subregions of Northern Tasmania?

A
  • Pipes River
  • Tamar Valley
  • North West Coast
221
Q

Where is Pipers River?

A

Northern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia

222
Q

Where is Tamar Valley?

A

Northern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia

223
Q

Where is North West Coast?

A

Northern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia

224
Q

What are the unofficial subregions of Southern Tasmania?

A
  • Derwent Valley
  • Huon Valley
  • Coal River/ Richmond
  • The East Coast (Canbrook/Bicheno area)
225
Q

Where is Derwent Valley?

A

Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia

226
Q

Where is Huon Valley?

A

Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia

227
Q

Where is Coal River/Richmond?

A

Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia

228
Q

Where is The East Coast?

A

Southern Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia

229
Q

When and where did Phylloxera hit Australia?

A

The mid- to late-1800’s, mostly confined to Victoria and parts of New South Wales.

230
Q

What is Australia’s largest region by production?

A

South Australia, with over 50% of production

231
Q

What two major Australian wineries were founded during the Australian Gold Rush of the 1850’s?

A

Penfolds and Lindemans

232
Q

What are the four cornerstones of Australian Winemaking?

A

Technical Proficiency
Mechanical Harvesting
Irrigation
Blending

233
Q

What do many of Australia’s luxury bottlings have in common?

A

They are frequently made from old vine parcels - because of Australia’s success in isolating phylloxera, there are many very old vineyards (150+), planted on their own rootstocks.

234
Q

What vintages were terribly affected by drought in the 2000’s?

A

2003
2006
2007
2008
2009

235
Q

When was the Label Integrity Program introduced, and what does it do?

A

1990
Currently, if stating vintage, varietal, or region, 85% of the wine must comply.
If listing a multi-vintage wine, all vintages must be listed, in descending order of importance.
If listing a blended wine, only the grapes making up 85% must be listed, but the others can, as long as no listed variety makes up a smaller percentage than the rest.
If listing a wine blended across regions, all regions must be listed in descending order of importance.

236
Q

What changed in the Label Integrity Program in 2010?

A

Previously, all grapes must be listed, regardless of %.

237
Q

When does the Southern Hemisphere harvest occur in relation to the Northern Hemisphere harvest?

A

6mos EARLIER, so the new release of SH wines will always hit the shelves first.

238
Q

Wine regions in Australia are defined as what?

A

Geographical Indications (GIs), and listed on the Register of Protected Names

239
Q

What are the requirements for a GI, and what are the relative sizes?

A

Divided into Zones, Regions, and Subregions. Each must comprise five independently owned vineyards of at least 5ha each, with a minimum output of 500tons annually.

240
Q

What is South Eastern Australia?

A

A “superzone” encompassing Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, and parts of South Australia and Queensland, formed as a response to the EU directive that varietal wines have a single place of origin.

241
Q

If a wine is labeled as Australia, may the producer include vintage or varietal for export to the EU?

A

NO

242
Q

Queensland: official and unofficial GI’s

A

(clockwise from 11:00)
South Burnett GI
Sunshine Coast & Hinterlands
Brisbane & Scenic Rim
Gold Coast & Hinterlands
Granite Belt GI
Darling Downs

243
Q

Granite Belt: climate and natural features

A

Subtropical but very high altitude (700M+), fraught with spring frosts and rain at harvest.
Great Dividing Range
Granite Belt (200 year old granitic intrusion, running down into New England Australia, sometimes called the New England Tableland)

244
Q

South Burnett: climate and natural features

A

Subtropical and continental, with more growing season rainfall than any other continental climate in the country.
Burnett River (north)
Blackbutt, Brisbane, and Coast Ranges (east)
Great Dividing Range (south)

245
Q

What is Australia’s coolest growing region?

A

Tasmania

246
Q

What is Tasmania’s most notable product?

A

Sparkling Wine Traditional method

247
Q

Northern Tasmania Unofficial Subzones

A

(west to east)
North West Coast
Tamar Valley (generally achieves ripeness earlier, making it more suitable for late ripening varieties)
Pipers River (within Tamar, better for early ripening varieties)

248
Q

Where is Jansz, who founded it, and who owns it now?

A

Jansz is in Pipers River (northern Tasmania)
Founded as a collaboration between Heemskerk (Tassie) and Louis Roederer, now owned by Hill-Smith Family Vineyards (Yalumba).

249
Q

What is the relationship between Michael Hill Smith and Robert and Sam Hill Smith?

A

They are second cousins. Robert and Sam own Yalumba; Michael took the buy-out check when they took over and founded Shaw + Smith.

250
Q

Southern Tasmania Unofficial Subzones

A

(west to east)
Huon Valley
Derwent Valley
Coal River/Richmond (longer sunlight hous, can ripen later maturing varieties)
East Coast

251
Q

When was Langton’s Classification published, and what does it classify?

A

1990
Specific bottlings (as opposed to producers); must be made for 10 vintages, and is based heavily on the wine’s value on the secondary market.

252
Q

Top five varieties, by planting:

A

Shiraz
Cabernet Sauvignon
Chardonnay
Merlot
Semillon

253
Q

What term replaces Sherry?

A

Apera

254
Q

What is dekkera bruxellensis, and when and where was it mapped?

A

Brettanomyces; isolated by the Australian Wine Research Institute in 2011.

255
Q

What is Regulated Deficit Irrigation?

A

RDI is a system that creates water stress during key periods of the vine’s development by lower the total amount of applied water; limits vegetative growth, lowers yields, and encourages fruit coloration and smaller berries. Good for red wines. Minor water savings.

256
Q

What is Partial Rootzone Drying?

A

A system that alternates the application of water from one side of the rootzone to the other, reducing water use by 50%. Similar results in terms of heightened grape quality, but does not lower yield in the same way.

257
Q

What is significant about Australia’s federation in 1901?

A

It removed interstate trade barriers, allowing wineries access to all major cities, leading to SA’s taking the lead in production and several other regions shrinking or ceasing in production as a result.

Australia (8 decks)

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