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Australia > New South Wales > Flashcards

New South Wales Flashcards

1
Q

In what year were vineyards first planted in New South Wales?

A

1788

  • country’s 1st vineyards
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2
Q

What is the mountain range that runs the north-south axis of eastern Australia?

A

Great Dividing Range

  • separates wetter coastal areas from more arid interior

(Hunter Valley pic)

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3
Q

New South Wales accounts for approximately what % of Australia’s wine production?

A

25% (1/4)

  • over 1/2 NSW’s prod W Great Dividing Range in heavily irrigated Riverina region (Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area)
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4
Q

Over 1/2 of the NSW’s production is concentrated west of the Great Dividing Range in the what heavily irrigated region?

A

Riverina

  • aka Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area
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5
Q

What is Riverina also known as?

A

Murumbidgee Irrigation Area

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6
Q

Who is the producer of the runaway success Yellow Tail?

A

Casella

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7
Q

From what region does Casella source most of its fruit?

A

Riverina

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8
Q

Viticulture in the Lower Hunter Valley dates to what year?

A

1830

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9
Q

What is the climate of Hunter Valley?

A

subtropical

  • one of the warmest climates in Australia
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10
Q

What percentage of Hunter Valley’s output is white wine?

A

60%

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11
Q

What grape is “Hunter Riesling”?

A

Semillon

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12
Q

What subregion of Hunter claims the oldest Verdelho?

A

Broke Fordwich

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13
Q

What are Hunter’s most imprtant red grapes?

A

Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon

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14
Q

In what GI of NSW will you find sparkling wines and still Pinot Noir and Chardonnay from sundrenched, basalt slopes of the Snowy Mountains?

A

Tumbarumba GI

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15
Q

The Hunter Region is sandwiched between the coast and and what mountain range?

A

Brokenback Mountains

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16
Q

Name two mountain ranges in New South Wales?

A

Great Dividing Range

Brokenback Mountains

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17
Q

What are the 4 regions of Big Rivers?

A

Big Rivers

  • Murray Darling
  • Swan Hill
  • Riverina
  • Perricoota
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18
Q

What is Australia’s oldest, continuously operating winery?

A

Wyndham Estate

  • in Hunter
  • est 1828 by George Wyndham
  • planted Australia’s first commercial Shiraz vineyard in 1830
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19
Q

What are the rivers of Big Rivers?

A

Murray
Murrumbidgee

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20
Q

Who is the single largest producer in Riverina, and what is their brand?

A

Casella

  • Largest family-owned winery in Australia
  • Creators of Yellow Tail for the American market in 2001 (solely for export)
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21
Q

What is the finest wine in Riverina?

A

De Bortoli ‘Noble One’

  • Botrytis Semillon
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22
Q

What are the 3 regions of the Central Ranges?

A

Cowra
Mudgee
Orange

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23
Q

Central Ranges

Elevation and Climate by subzone

A
  • Orange 600-1000+M
    • Highest in the country, peaking on Mount Canobolas (extinct volcano)
    • Very cool climate
  • Mudgee 400-500M+
    • Dry, sunny
    • Large diurnal shift
  • Cowra
    • Lowest in elevation
    • Warmest
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24
Q

Central Ranges

Soils and Major Grapes by subzone

A
  • Mudgee
    • Brown sandy loam
    • Cab Sauv, Merlot, Shiraz
  • Orange
    • Basaltic red-brown clay, other colored clay loams, gravel, terra rossa
    • Cab Sauv, Merlot, Shiraz, Chardonnay
  • Cowra
    • Brown loamy sand, red clay subsoil
    • Chardonnay, Shiraz, Cab Sauv, Merlot
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25
Q

What is the region of Hunter Valley?

A

Hunter

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26
Q

Central Ranges

Major Geographic Features

A
  • Great Dividing Range
  • Lachlan River
  • Belubula River (Cowra)
  • Mount Canobolas (Orange)
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27
Q

What are the 3 subregions of Hunter?

A
  • Brokefordwich
  • Pokolbin
  • Upper Hunter Valley
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28
Q

In addition to the Pokolbin and Brokefordwich GI’s, what are the other subregions of the Lower Hunter Valley?

A
  • Allandale
  • Belford
  • Dalwood
  • Rothbury
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29
Q

What is the climate of Hunter?

A

Hunter

  • Humid and subtropical
  • 2070 Degree Days (region IV)
  • Early harvest due to early autumn, which comes with constant cloud cover and often rainstorms
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30
Q

Hunter

Soils, Geographic Features, Major Grapes

A

Hunter

  • Upper Hunter: Black silt loam
  • Lower Hunter: Friable loam and red duplex soils
  • Hunter and Goulburn Rivers, Great Dividing Range
  • Semillon, Chardonnay, Verdelho, Shiraz
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31
Q

Region of Northern Slopes Zone

A

New England Austalia

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32
Q

New England Australia is a Region within what Zone?

A

Northern Slopes

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33
Q

2 Regions within South Coast

A
  • Shoalhaven Coast
  • Southern Highlands
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34
Q

Shoalhaven Coast and Southern Highlands are Regions within what Zone?

A

South Coast Zone

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35
Q

Regions within Southern New South Wales

A
  • Canberra District
  • Tumbarumba
  • Hilltops
  • Gundagai
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36
Q

Canberra District, Tumbarumba, Hilltops and Gundagai are Regions within what Zone?

A

Southern New South Wales

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37
Q

Region within Northern Rivers

A

Hastings River

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38
Q

Hastings River is a Region witin what Zone

A

Northern Rivers

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39
Q

What is Australia’s oldest, continuously operating winery?

A

Wyndham Estate in Hunter, established 1828 by George Wyndham; planted Australia’s first commercial Shiraz vineyard in 1830.

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40
Q

What is the alternative name for Riverina?

A

Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

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41
Q

What is Hunter Riesling?

A

Sémillon

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42
Q

What is Hunter’s most planted grape?

A

Chardonnay

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43
Q

What is Hunter’s most important grape?

A

Sémillon

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44
Q

What is Broke Fordwich’s claim to fame (and where is it)?

A

The oldest Verdelho plantings in the country (it’s a subregion of Hunter).

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45
Q

The Canberra District is shared between what two states?

A

New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory

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46
Q

What are the 4 regions of Big Rivers?

A

Murray Darling
Swan Hill
Riverina
Perricoota

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47
Q

What are the rivers of Big Rivers?

A

Murray

Murrumbidgee

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48
Q

Who is the single largest producer in Riverina, and what is their brand?

A

Casella - largest family-owned winery in Australia. Creators of Yellow Tail for the American market in 2001 (solely for export).

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49
Q

What is the finest wine in Riverina?

A

De Bortoli Noble One Botrytis Semillon

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50
Q

What are the 3 regions of the Central Ranges?

A

Cowra
Mudgee
Orange

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51
Q

Central Ranges: Elevation and climate by subzone

A

Orange (600-1000+M) is the highest in the country, peaking on Mount Canobolas (extinct volcano); very cool climate.
Mudgee (400-500M+); dry and sunny, large diurnal shift
Cowra: lowest in elevation, and warmest

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52
Q

Central Ranges: Soils and major grapes by subzone

A

Mudgee: brown sandy loam; Cab Sauv, Merlot, Shiraz
Orange: basaltic red-brown clay, other colored clay loams, gravel, terra rossa; Cab Sauv, Merlot, Shiraz, Chardonnay
Cowra: brown loamy sand, red clay subsoil; Chardonnay, Shiraz, Cab Sauv, Merlot

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53
Q

Central Ranges: Major Geographic Features

A

Great Dividing Range
Lachlan River, Belubula River (Cowra)
Mount Canobolas (Orange)

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54
Q

What is the region of Hunter Valley?

A

Hunter

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55
Q

What are the 3 subregions of Hunter?

A

Brokefordwich
Pokolbin
Upper Hunter Valley

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56
Q

In addition to the Pokolbin and Brokefordwich GI’s, what are the other subregions of the Lower Hunter Valley?

A

Allandale
Belford
Dalwood
Rothbury

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57
Q

What is the climate of Hunter?

A

Humid and subtropical, 2070 Degree Days (region IV)
Early harvest due to early autumn, which comes with constant cloud cover and often rainstorms.

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58
Q

Hunter: Soils, geographic features, and major grapes

A

black silt loam, dark clay loam (upper hunter), friable loam and red duplex soils (lower hunter)
Hunter and Goulburn Rivers, Great Dividing Range
Semillon, Chardonnay, Verdelho
Shiraz

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59
Q

What is a duplex soil?

A

An Australian term for soils with contrasting texture between soil horizons - elsewhere called texture contrast soils

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60
Q

What is the region of Northern River?

A

Hastings River

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61
Q

Hastings River: Climate, Geographical Features, Soils

A

Very hot and tropical - Region V. Some potential to produce Hunter-styled wines
Broken Bago Range, Pacific Ocean, Hastings River
Rich alluvial and red volcanic soils

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62
Q

What is the region of the Northern Slopes?

A

New England Australia

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63
Q

What are the 2 regions of the South Coast

A

Shoalhaven Coast
Southern Highlands

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64
Q

What is Shoalhaven Coast most known for?

A

Varietal Chambourcin (Teinturier French hybrid)

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65
Q

Southern Highlands: soils and major grapes

A

Balsalt and Shale derived brown earth
Tempranillo, Shiraz, Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

66
Q

What are the 4 regions of Southern New South Wales?

A

Canberra District
Tumbarumba
Hilltops
Gundagai

67
Q

Canberra District: Soils, Climate, Major Grapes

A

Red-brown loams
Mild continental climate, often draws comparisons to Cote Rotie
Shiraz/Viognier, Cab Sauv, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Riesling - generally very elegant and delicate in style

68
Q

Gundagi: Soils, Geographic Features, Major Grapes

A

Red earth and podzolics (eucalypt forest soils)
Snowy Mountains, Murrumbidgee River
Shiraz, Cab Sauv, Chardonnay

69
Q

Hilltops: Soils, Climate, Major Grapes

A

Red granite clay, basalt
Warm, continental
Cab Sauv, Shiraz

70
Q

Tumbarumba: Soils, Climate, Geographic Features, Major Grapes

A

Gritty, granitic and basaltic
Cold, high elevation, frost prone
Snowy Mountains
Chardonnay, Pinot Noir (usually for sparkling wine)

71
Q

What are the zones of New South Wales?

A 
Big Rivers
Central Ranges
Hunter Valley
Northern Rivers
Northern Slopes
South Coast
Southern New South Wales
Western Plains
72
Q

Why do most larger producers buy grapes rather than land in Tumbarumba?

A

The marginal, frost-probe climate makes viticulture risky.

73
Q

What are the regions of the Western Plains?

A

There are no smaller regions within the Western Plains

74
Q

What is Australia’s newest GI?

A

New England Australia, in the Northern Slopes of New South Wales

75
Q

Which GI is home to Australia’s highest altitude vineyard?

A

New England Australia GI, Northern Slopes, NSW
Found on Black Mountain (home to Australia’s highest altitude vineyard, at 1320 meters above sea level)

76
Q

In what GI would we find the producers Brokenwood, Mount Pleasant, and Tyrrell’s?

A

Hunter GI, Hunter Valley, NSW

77
Q

Where would we see red wines produced from the teinturier grape Chambourcin?

A

Hastings River GI, Northern Rivers, NS
Shoalhaven Coast GI, South Coast, NSW

78
Q

Match the wine to the producer:
a. Tyrrell’s 1. Noble One B
b. De Bartoli 2. Vat No. 1 A
c. Mount Pleasant 3. Black Cluster Shiraz D
d. Wyndham Estate 4. Graveyard Shiraz F
e. Clonakilla 5. “Philip” Shiraz C
f. Brokenwood 6. Shiraz/Viognier E

A

Match the wine to the producer:
a. Tyrrell’s 1. Noble One B
b. De Bartoli 2. Vat No. 1 A
c. Mount Pleasant 3. Black Cluster Shiraz D
d. Wyndham Estate 4. Graveyard Shiraz F
e. Clonakilla 5. “Philip” Shiraz C
f. Brokenwood 6. Shiraz/Viognier E

79
Q

In what year did Australia first varietally bottle a Chardonnay (contested)?

A

1971 w Tyrrell’s Vat 47 Pinot Chardonnay

80
Q

Arrange these Central Range GIs from North to South:
a. Orange
b. Cowra
c. Mudgee

A

c, a, b

81
Q

Arrange these GIs from coolest to hottest according to mean January temp:
a. Upper Hunter Valley
b. Hastings River
c. Tumbarumba
d. Murray Darling

A

c, a, b, d

82
Q

What region does De Bortoli’s Noble One Botrytis Semillon hail from?

A

Riverina

83
Q

What GI has Tempranillo as its most-planted grape?

A

Southern Highlands

84
Q

What river waters the Riverina GI?

A

Murrumbidgee

85
Q

Which GI has been the longest established? Which is the most recent?

A

Hunter (1997) New England Australia (2008)

86
Q

What is the name of the Hunter Valley estate James Busby planted in 1830?

A

Kirkton

87
Q

What variety of Muscat is predominantly found in NSW?

A

Muscat Gordo Blanco

88
Q

Wine Atlas of Australia writer James Halliday was a founding partner of what NSW winery?

A

Brokenwood

89
Q

What are the two Exceptional Langsten’s Classification wines of NSW?

A

Brokenwood, Graveyard Shiraz, Hunter Valley

Clonakilla, Shiraz Viogner, Canberra District

90
Q

There is one Outstanding classified wine from NSW, what is it?

A

There is one Outstanding classified wine from NSW, what is it?

Tyrrell’s Vat 1, Semillon, Hunter Valley

91
Q

Name one of the four Excellent classified wines from NSW:

A

De Bortoli, Noble One (Botrytrised Semillon), Riverina

Lake’s Folly, White Label Cabernets, Hunter Valley

McWilliams, Lovedale Vineyard Semillon, Hunter Valley

Tyrrell’s, Vat 47, Chardonnay, Hunter Valley

92
Q

What are the 3 subregions of Hunter?

A

Broke Fordwich

Pokolbin

Upper Hunter Valley

93
Q

What are the 3 subregions of the Central Ranges? List North to South.

A

Mudgee

Orange

Cowra

94
Q

Which subregion is the highest elevation of the Central Ranges up to 600masl?

A

Orange- think citrus tones in cool climate Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and Riesling, which is what grows here

95
Q

What is the historical significance of Dalwood Estate in Hunter Valley?

A

Australia’s oldest, longest operating winey, est. 1828

96
Q

What were the grapes George Wyndham planted in 1830 at Dalwood Estate that he called “Madeira” and “Hermitage” in Hunter Valley NSW?

A

“Madeira” (verdelho) and “Hermitage” (shiraz)- the shiraz was the first commercial plantings in Australia and at one time were some of the country’s longest lived shiraz vines in history- but have since been replanted. The Verdelho is some of oldest plantings of Verdelho in the world- can’t confirm original plantings are still in use- but do see an article from 2004 stating they have pre-World War I Verdelho vines.

97
Q

What is the best description for Hunter Semillon?

Late ripening, higher abv, ripe fruit

Late ripening, lower abv, restrained fruit

Early ripening, lower abv, ripe fruit

Early ripening, higher abv, restrained fruit

A

Early ripening, lower abv, ripe fruit

98
Q

What tributary flows for 560 mi, from the Snowy Mountains until its confluence with the Murray River, and is responsible for much of the irrigation in Riverina?

A

The Murrumbidgee River

99
Q

What is the Region of the Northern River’s Zone?

A

Hastings River

100
Q

What is the Region of the Nothern Slopes Zone?

A

New England Australia

101
Q

What are the Regions (2) of the South Coast Zone?

A

Shoalhaven Coast
Southern Highlands

102
Q

What are the Regions (4) of the South Wales Zone?

A

Canberra District
Tumbarumba
Hilltops
Gundagai

103
Q

Riverina is in which Zone?

A

Big Rivers Zone

104
Q

What are the “big rivers” in the Big Rivers Zone?

A

Murray
Murrumbidgee

105
Q

What is the largest region in terms of production in Australia?

A

Riverina, NSW

106
Q

New England Australia GI is home to what? (Northern Slopes, NSW)

A

Black Mountain
Australia’s highest altitude vineyard @ 1320 m

107
Q

Geographical features of New England Australia (Northern Slopes, NSW)

A

Great Dividing Range
Black Mountain
Peel, Gayvdir, Severn Rivers
Moonbi Hills

108
Q

What are the key producers of Murray Darling?

A

Lindemans
Zilzie Wines
Deakin Estate

109
Q

Key Producers in the Hunter GI:

A

Tyrrells
Brokenwood
Yarraman Estate
McWilliams Mount Pleasant
Keith Tullrock
Wyndham Estate

110
Q

Broke Fordwich is within:

A

The Lower Hunter -> Hunter GI -> NSW

111
Q

What is the climate of Hunter Valley?

A

Subtropical
One of the warmest climates

112
Q

The Canberra District region (S New South Wales) is split between ___ & ____:

A
  • The state of NSW
  • and the Australia Capital Territory
113
Q

What wines do we find from cool-climate Tumbarumba?

A

Still PN and Chard
from sun-drenched Basalt slopes of the Snowy Mountains

114
Q

What were the first commercial plantings of Hunter GI?

A

James Busby’s “Kirkton” in 1830

115
Q

What are the geographical feathers of Hunter GI?

A

Hunter and Goulburn Rivers

116
Q

What’s the soil of Lower Hunter Valley?

A

Friable loam, red duplex soils

117
Q

What seas surround Australia?

A

North - Arafura Sea
East - Coral Sea
South - Great Australia Bight
West - Indian Ocean

118
Q

Main red an white grapes of Hastings River GI (Northern Rivers Zone, NSW)

A

Chambourcin
Shiraz
Cab Sauv

Semillon
Chardonnay

119
Q

Brokenwood’s outstanding Semillon?

A

ILR Reserve
Hunter Valley, Broke Fordwich

At 6 years of age on release, the colour is just starting to show some development with yellow tints complimenting the green edges. Lifted lemon curd and floral notes heading to bees wax, brioche and toast. Lively Tahitian lime juice characters are backed by a superb, zesty acidity

120
Q

First vines in Australia were planted in:

A

Sydney Harbor, NSW
1788 w/ British prisoners

121
Q

What are some vintages that have been severly affected by dought?

A

2003
2006
2007
2008
2009 (bush fires)

122
Q

What mountain range is near Hunter Valley?

A

Brokenback Mountains

123
Q

NSW accounts for ___% of Australia’s production?

A

25%

124
Q

Where is half of NSW’s production concentrated?

A

West of the Great Diving Range in the heavily irrigated region of Riverina/Murrumbidgee Irrigation area

125
Q

Zones of NSW:

A

Northern Slopes
Northern Rivers
Hunter Valley
Central Ranges
Southern New South Wales
South Coast
Western Plains
Big Rivers

126
Q

Big Rivers Zone - Regions:

A

Murray Darling*
Perricosta
Riverina
Swan Hill*

*shared with Victoria

127
Q

Central Ranges Zone - Regions:

A

Cowra
Mudgee
Orange

128
Q

Hunter Valley Zone - Hunter Region - Subregions:

A

Broke Fordwich
Pokolbin
Upper Hunter Valley

129
Q

Northern Rivers Zone - Region:

A

Hastings River

130
Q

Northern Slopes Zone - Region:

A

New England Australia

131
Q

South Coast Zone - Regions:

A

Shoalhaven Coast
Southern Highlands

132
Q

Southern New South Wales Zone - Regions:

A

Canberra District
Tumbarumba
Hilltops
Gundagai

133
Q

Does Western Plains Zone have any regions?

A

No

134
Q

What sub-regions are shared by NSW and Victoria?

A

Murray Darling
Swan Hill

135
Q

What mountain range separates the wetter coastl areas from the arid interior?

A

Great Dividing Range

136
Q

Riverina is in what zone?

A

Big Rivers Zone

137
Q

What are the two “Big Rivers” in the Big Rivers Zone?

A

Murray
Murrumbidgee

138
Q

What is the largest region in terms of production in Australia?

A

Riverina, NSW

139
Q

New England Australia GI is home to what? (Northern Slopes, NSW)

A

Black Mountain, Australia’s highest altitude vineyard @ 1320m above sea level

140
Q

Geographical features of New England Australia (Northern Slopes, NSW):

A

Great Dividing Range
Black Mountain (highest elevation)
Peel, Gavydir, Seven Rivers
Moonbi Hills

141
Q

Murray Darling (Big Rivers, NSW): Producers

A

Lindemans
Zilzie WInes
Deakin Estate

142
Q

Where do we find Yellowtail?

A

Casella producer
Riverina GI, most fruit from here

143
Q

Another huge producer of Riverina GI?

A

De Bertoli
- highlight is “Noble One a botrytized semillon dessert wine

144
Q

Hunter GI: Producers

A

Tyrrells
Brokenwood
Yarraman Estate
McWilliams Mount Pleasant
Keith Tullock
Wyndham Estate

145
Q

Broke Fordwich is within:

A

The Lower Hunter - Hunter GI - NSW

146
Q

What is “Hunter Riesling”? Top example?

A

Semillon
Tyrrell’s “Vat #1”

147
Q

Climate of Hunter Valley?

A

Sub-tropical
One of the warmest climates

148
Q

What other varietal is popular in the Hunter Valley Region besides Semillon?

A

Verdelho
- aromatic, tropical-fruited wines

149
Q

What sub-region of Hunter claims the oldest Verdelho plantings in the country?

A

Broke Fordwich

150
Q

The Canberra District Region (S. New South Wales) is split between:

A

The state of NSW and the Australian Capital Territory

151
Q

Canberra District: Prominent wine?

A

Clonakilla’s Canberra District Shiraz
- co-fermented with Viognier

152
Q

What wines do we find in cool-climate Tumbarumba?

A

Still PN and Chard
- sun-drenched Basalt Slopes of the Snowy Mountains

153
Q

Hunter GI: First commercial plantings?

A

James Busby’s “Kirkton” 1830

154
Q

Hunter GI: Geographical features

A

Hunter and Goulburn Rivers

155
Q

Lower Hunter Valley: Soil

A

Friable loam, red duplex soils

156
Q

Hastings River GI (Northern Rivers Zone, NSW): White/Red grapes

A

Chambourcin
Shiraz
Cab Sauv
Semillon
Chardonnay

157
Q

Brokenwood’s Outstanding Semillon?

A

ILR Reserve
Hunter Valley, Broke Fordwich

158
Q

Main grapes of Murray Darling/Swan Valley?

A

Chardonnay/Shiraz

159
Q

First vines in Australia were planted in:

A

Sydney Harbor NSW
1788 w/ British prisoners

160
Q

Oldest estate in Australia?

A

Wyndham, Hunter Valley
1828

Australia (8 decks)

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