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World History > Western Asia and Egypt, India and China, Africa, Asia > Flashcards

Western Asia and Egypt, India and China, Africa, Asia Flashcards

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1
Q

state with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

A

city-state

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2
Q

massive stepped tower on which was built a temple dedicated to chief god or goddess of a Sumerian city

A

ziggurat

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3
Q

government by divine authority

A

theocracy

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4
Q

a large political unit or state under control of a single leader that controls many people or territories

A

empire

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5
Q

many gods

A

polytheistic

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6
Q

most common of the various titles for ancient Egyptian monarchs; originally meant great house or palace

A

pharaoh

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7
Q

process of slowly drying a dead body to prevent it from decaying

A

mummification

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8
Q

one of the 20 provinces into which Darius divided the Persian Empire

A

satrapy

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9
Q

where was mesopotamia?

A

between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; fertile crescent

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10
Q

what two empires took control of the Sumerian city states?

A

akkadian and babylonian

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11
Q

how did the Nile control life in ancient Egypt?

A

it was the fastest way to travel the lands and the floods created a feeling of security

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12
Q

first Indo Europeans to use iron

A

Hittites

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13
Q

how was the jewish religion different from other religions in western Asia and Egypt?

A

it was monotheistic

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14
Q

how did the Assyrians communicate throughout their empire?

A

a network of posts was established throughout the empire that used relays of horses to carry messages

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15
Q

what principle was the basis for many of the laws in Hammurabi’s Code?

A

an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth

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16
Q

set of categories in ancient India that determined a person’s occupation and economic potential, as well as his or her position in society

A

caste system

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17
Q

the job people have, who they marry, and what groups they could socialize with

A

caste

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18
Q

belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death

A

reincarnation

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19
Q

major Indian religious system, which had its origins in religious beliefs of the Aryans who settled India after 1500 BC

A

hinduism

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20
Q

in Hinduism, the force generated by a person’s actions that determines how the person will be reborn in the next life

A

Karma

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21
Q

in Hinduism, the divine law that rules Karma; it requires all people to do their duty based on their status in society

A

Dharma

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22
Q

in Buddhism, ultimate reality, the end of the self and a reunion with the Great World Soul

A

nirvana

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23
Q

a religious doctrine introduced in northern India in the sixth century BC by Siddhartha Guatama, known as Buddha or enlightened one

A

buddhism

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24
Q

route between the Roman Empire and China, named by silk being China’s most valuable produce

A

silk road

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25
Q

claim by Chinese kings of the Zhou dynasty that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and to keep order in the universe

A

mandate of heaven

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26
Q

“way” the key to proper behavior under Confucianism

A

dao

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27
Q

duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of the family; confucianism

A

filial piety

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28
Q

system of political and ethical ideas formulated by the Chinese philosopher Confucius toward the end of the Zhou dynasty

A

Confucianism

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29
Q

a system of ideas based on the teachings of Laozi

A

daoism

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30
Q

how were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro well planned?

A

both cities were divided into large walled neighborhoods, with narrow lanes separating the rows of houses

31
Q

describe the five castes in India

A
  • Brahmins: priestly class who performed religious ceremonies
  • Kshatriyas: warriors
  • Vaisyas-commoners who were merchants and farmers
  • Sudras: peasants or servants
32
Q

what parts of Hinduism did Siddhartha accept, and what part did he reject?

A

he accepted reincarnation, but rejected the Hindu caste system and having multiple gods

33
Q

why is Asoka considered to be the greatest ruler in Indian history?

A

he was a kind ruler; he set up hospitals and ordered that trees and shelters be placed along the road to provide shade for travelers

34
Q

what are the similarities between the Zhou and Shang dynasties?

A

they both shared and interest in education, religion, and family structure

35
Q

what were some of the religious beliefs during the Shang dynasty?

A

they believed in supernatural forces (oracle bones) and believed in life after death

36
Q

holy scripture of the religion of Islam

A

Quran

37
Q

monotheistic religion that emerged in the Arabian Peninsula during the seventh century AD

A

Islam

38
Q

journey of Muhammad and his followers to Madinah in 622

A

hijrah

39
Q

law code drawn up by Muslim scholars after Muhammad’s death

A

shari’ah

40
Q

pilgrimage to Makah, one of the requirements of the five pillars of Islam

A

hajj

41
Q

successor of Muhammad s spiritual and temporal leader of the Muslims

A

caliph

42
Q

“struggle in the way of God”

A

jihad

43
Q

Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammad’s son-in-law as the true rulers of Islam

A

Shia

44
Q

Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of the Umayyads as the true rulers of Islam

A

Sunni

45
Q

Muslim house of worship

A

mosque

46
Q

who was the first caliph, or successor to Muhammad?

A

Abu Bakr

47
Q

what is the difference between Shia and Sunni Muslims?

A

Shia Muslims accept only the descendants of Ali as the true rulers of Islam; Sunni Muslims did not all agree with Umayyad rule but accepted the Umayyads as rulers or caliph

48
Q

what two groups were not considered equal in the Arab empire?

A

slaves and upper class

49
Q

what were Islamic achievements in philosophy, math, astronomy, medicine, history, and architecture?

A

commentaries, Arabic system, algebra, astrolabe, developed medicine as field of study, mosques, arabesques.

50
Q

how did Muslim scholars preserve the writings of Plato and Aristotle?

A

they translated the works

51
Q

practice of growing just enough crops for personal use, not for sale

A

subsistence farming

52
Q

mixed African-Arabic culture that developed along the east coast of Africa

A

Swahili

53
Q

who was the founder of the kingdom of Mali?

A

Sundiata Keita

54
Q

how did the Muslims affect the eastern coast of Africa?

A

they set up trading ports and spread Islam

55
Q

gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage, either by the bride’s parents, to the husband or by a husband to his wife

A

dowry

56
Q

“those who serve”, Japanese warriors similar to the nights of medieval Europe

A

samurai

57
Q

“the way of the warrior”, the strict code by which Japanese samurai were supposed to live

A

bushido

58
Q

“the sacred way” or “the way of the Gods”, the Japanese state religion

A

shinto

59
Q

a sect of Buddhism that became popular with Japanese aristocrats and became part of the samurai’s code of behavior

A

Zen

60
Q

“the teachings of the elders”, a school of Buddhism that developed in India

A

Theravada

61
Q

a school of Buddhism that developed in northwest India, stressing the view that nirvana can be achieved through devotion to the Buddha

A

Mahayana

62
Q

what were the achievements of the Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties in China?

A
  • Sui Dynasty: Grand Canal
  • Tang Dynasty: created more stable economy, restored civil service examination, peace to northwestern China
  • Song Dynasty: economic prosperity, cultural achievement
63
Q

why did the Chinese people rebel against Sui Yangdi?

A

high taxes, extravagant and luxurious lifestyle, and military failures

64
Q

in what ways were the Tang rulers reformers?

A

they tried to create a stable economy and restored the civil service examination

65
Q

how were women treated in China during this time?

A

few Chinese women had power; female children were less desirable than any male children

66
Q

timeline of Mongols brief time of empire.

A
  • 1206: Genghis Khan became leader of the Mongols
  • 1227: Genghis Khan dies; empire change
  • 1231: Mongols attacked Persia
  • 1258: Mongols defeated Abbasids at Baghdad
  • 1260: Mongols attacked Song Dynasty
  • 1279: Kublai Khan established new Chinese Dynasty
  • 1294: Kublai Khan’s death
  • 1368: Zhu Yuanzhang put together an army, ended the Mongol Dynasty, and set up the Ming Dynasty
67
Q

what inventions did the Mongols learn about from the Chinese?

A

gunpowder and the fire-lance

68
Q

why did many Chinese people respect the Mongols?

A

they respected the stability and economic prosperity the Mongols brought

69
Q

instruments used by sailors to determine their location by observing the positions of stars

A

astrolabe

70
Q

tower of a mosque from which the muezzin calls the faithful to prayer five times a day

A

minaret

71
Q

how did the early Arabs make their living?

A

trade

72
Q

produced goods for foreign markets, trade empire, colonies, and alphabet

A

Phoenicians

73
Q

influenced Christianity and Islam, history and religious beliefs written in Hebrew bible

A

Israelites

World History (5 decks)

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