Napoleon, Industrialism and Nationalism, Imperialism, WWI Flashcards
money available for investment
capital
a person interested in finding new business opportunities and new ways to make profits
entrepreneur
a method of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes
cottage industry
process in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron
puddling
an economic system based on industrial production or manufacturing
industrial capitalism
a system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production
socialism
the working class
proletariat
a form of government in which a person or small group has absolute power
dictatorship
a marxist who rejected the revolutionary approach, believing instead in evolution by democratic means to achieve the goal of socialism
revisionist
a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion
conservatism
political philosophy holding that people should be as free as possible from gvt restraint and that civil liberties should be protected
liberalism
reliance on military strength
miltarism
emperor in a German empire
kaiser
popular vote; Napoleon II
plebiscite
war fought over Crimean Peninsula between Russia and ottoman empire
Crimean War
1870 war fought between France and Prussia over who would be the heir to Spain
Franco-Prussian war
Prussian Prime minister in 1816; governed without parliamentary approval, strengthening army; realpolitik
Otto von Bismarck
leader of Russia; emancipated serfs
Czar Alexander II
meeting to arrange a final peace settlement; Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia
Congress of Vienna
raised an army of 1,000 red shirts
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Prime minister and King; led the Piedmont and Italy in 1852
Count Camillo Cavour and King Victor Emanuelle II
local rulers were allowed to keep their authority and status in a new colonial setting
indirect rule
local elites were replaced with Western officials
direct rule
extension of a nation’s power over other lands
imperialism
Napoleon’s legal code; fought for equality of all citizens before the law; the right of the individual to choose a profession, religious toleration, and the abolition of serfdom and all feudal obligations
Napoleonic Code
how one was promoted in Napoleon’s bureaucracy
ability
led the combined British and Prussian army
Duke of Wellington
where Napoleon was defeated
Waterloo
Scottish engineer; improved steam engine
James Watt
used to pump water out of mines
steam engines
Austrian foreign minister; most influential leader at the meeting in Vienna
Klemens von Metternich
Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary
triple alliance
France, Britain, and Russia
triple entente
the only free states of Africa remaining by 1914
Liberia and Ethiopia
independent republicans who believed that white superiority was obtained by God
Boers
indian soldiers
Sepoys
growing Indian distrust of the British
Sepoy Mutiny
in 1885, a small group of Indians met in Bombay
Indian National Congress
settled conflicting claims; officially recognized both British and German claims for territory in East Africa
Berlin Conference
explored the Congo to the Atlantic Ocean; hired to set up Belgian settlements in the Congo
Henry Stanley
only free remaining free state in Southeast Asia
Thailand
Boxers were upset by foreign takeover of Chinese lands; roamed the countryside and slaughtered foreign missionaries and Chinese Christians
Boxer Rebellion
China should adopt Western technology but keep its Confucian values and institutions
self-strengthening
“lifeline to India”
Suez Canal
type of mobilization for war that included use of citizens to help the war effort
total war
ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause which stirred national hatreds before war
propaganda
characterized the war on the Western Front; both sides were kept in the same position for four years
trench warfare
both sides fought to outflank the other
“race to the sea”
German strategy that involved movement through Belgium and encircling France
The Western Front
Serbian terrorist organization that wanted Bosnia to be free of Austria-Hungary and to become part of a large Serbian kingdom
The Black Hand
Bosnian Serb; shot the archduke and his wife
Gavrilo Princip
heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
Franz Ferdinand
gave Austria-Hungary a blank check promising Germany’s full support if war broke out between Russia and Austria-Hungary
Kaiser William II
Bulgaria,Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire
Central Powers
Russia, Great Britain, and France
Allied Powers
