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Peds I & II > Well-Child Exam > Flashcards

Well-Child Exam Flashcards

1
Q

When do you start using BMI in kids?

A

@ 2 yrs

Prior to this=%

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2
Q

How long do you track head circumference for? why?

A

2-3 yrs of age

Assess for brain growth

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3
Q

Define underweight

A

<5%

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4
Q

Define overweight

A

85-95%

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5
Q

Define Obesity

A

> 95%

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6
Q

Define microcephaly

A

<3%

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7
Q

define macrocephaly

A

> 97%

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8
Q

What is considered Low BW?

A

<2500 grames=5.5 lbs

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9
Q

Define Preterm

A

<37 weeks

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10
Q

Define Term

A

37-42 weeks

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11
Q

Define Postterm

A

> 42 weeks

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12
Q

Define neonatal period

A

Day 1-28

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13
Q

Define Postnatal period

A

Day 29-1 yr

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14
Q

Define Vernix Caseosa

A

Cheesy white covering

Made from fetal corneocytes/sebaceos gland activity

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15
Q

Define Milia

A

Pinpoint white papule with surrounding erythema: Nose, chin, forehead, cheeks
Caused by blocked sebaceous glands

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16
Q

Define Mongolian Spot

A

“Congenital Dermal Melangocytosis”:
Blue patches of pigments
Lumbar, buttocks, extremities
Common in darker skin

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17
Q

Define Erythema Toxicum

A

Yellow Eosinophilic papule on red base
2nd-4th day of life, disappear w/in 1 wk
Trunk

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18
Q

What does widely split sutures suggest?

A

Increased ICP:

  1. Meningitis
  2. Hydrocephalus
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19
Q

What does raised, bony ridge @ suture line suggest?

A

Craniosynostosis

Referral to neurosurgery asap!

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20
Q

What does a bulging fontanelle suggest?

A

Increased ICP:

Bleed vs. Meningitis

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21
Q

What does a sunken fontanelle suggest?

A

Dehydration

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22
Q

What does a large posterior fontanelle suggest?

A

1st sign of congenital hypothyroidism

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23
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle close?

A

9-18 mos

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24
Q

Size of anterior fontanelle

A

1-4 cm

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25
Q

When does the posterior fontanelle close?

A

1-2 mos

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26
Q

Size of posterior fontanelle

A

<1 cm

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27
Q

Define Cepahlohematoma

A

Swelling/collection of blood over one or both of parietal bones
does NOT cross suture lines
resolves in weeks to months

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28
Q

Define Caput Succedeaneum

A

Edema of scalp
DOES cross the Suture lines
Resolves in days

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29
Q

Define Hypetelorism

A

Abnormally wide spacing of eyes

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30
Q

Define Epstein’s Pearls

A

Small, white benign inclusion cysts (palate)

Resolve spontaneously

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31
Q

Define Ankyloglossia. Tx?

A

“Tongue Tie”: Congenital short lingual frenulum

Tx: Frenulectomy in neonatal period

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32
Q

What causes Congenital Torticollis (wry neck)?

A

Bleeding into SCM during stretching process of birth

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33
Q

Define Pectus Excaviatum

A

Sternum Depression

34
Q

Define Pectus Carinatum

A

Sternum Protrussion

35
Q

What does decreased breath sounds on OJE side of the chest in an infant suggest?

A

Unilateral lesions: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

36
Q

What does diminished femoral pulses indicate?

A

Coarctation of aorta

37
Q

What is the MC Dysrhythmia in infants?

A

PSVT

38
Q

Define Hypospadias

A

Abnormal VENTRAL placement of urethral opening

39
Q

Define epispadias

A

Abnormal DORSAL placement of urethral opening

40
Q

If you can’t see the bottom of a Sacral Dimple, what do you need to order?

A

US

41
Q

What are RF’s for Developmental Dysplasia of Hips (DDH)

A
  1. Breech
  2. Caucasian
  3. 1st born female
  4. FHX, prior child born w/ DDH
  5. Premature
42
Q

Describe the Barlow test in evaluating DDH

A

Test for ability to sublet/dislocate an intact, but unstable hip

43
Q

Describe Ortolani test in evaluating DDH

A

Test for posteriorly dislocated hip

44
Q

DDH treatment

A

Ortho Eval + Pavlik Harness

45
Q

What is a potential complication of DDH if left untreated?

A

Degenerative hip dz

46
Q

What age should the Palmar Grasp Reflex be present?

A

Birth to 3-4 mos

47
Q

What age should the Plantar Grasp reflex be present?

A

Birth to 6-8 mos

48
Q

What age should the Moro Reflex (startle reflex) be present?

A

Birth to 4 mos.

49
Q

Moro Reflex persistence BEYOND the 4 mos. suggests what?

A

Neurological Dz: Cerebral Palsy (esp. beyond 6 mos)

50
Q

Assymetric More Reflex suggest what?

A

Clavicle Fx or Brachial Plexus injury

51
Q

What age should the Asymmetric Tonic Reflex be present?

A

Birth to 2 mos.

52
Q

Asymmetric Tonic Reflex persistence BEYOND the 2 mos. indicates what?

A

Asymmetric CNS development

53
Q

What age should the Positive Support Reflex be present?

A

Birth OR 2 mos. to 6 mos

54
Q

Lack of Positive Support Reflex suggests what?

A

Hypotonia or Flaccidity

55
Q

What age should the rooting reflex be present?

A

Birth to 3-4 mos.

56
Q

What age should the Trunk Incurvation (Galant’s Relflex) be present?

A

Birth to 2 mos.

57
Q

Absence of Trunk Incurvation (Galant’s Relflex) indicates what?

A

SCI or lesion

58
Q

VA for ages 3-5

A

20/40

59
Q

VA for ages 6+

A

20/30

60
Q

MCC for childhood blindness?

A

Amblyopia

61
Q

What age do we start checking BP?

A

3 years

62
Q

What age do we start screening for iron deficiency (hemoglobin)

A

9 or 12 mos.

63
Q

What age do we start screening for Lead per CDC recommendation?

A

Ages 1-2

Target high risk homes=homes built before 1950

64
Q

What age do we start autism screening?

A

18 & 24 mos.

65
Q

@ what age and who do we screen for lipid panels?

A

Ages 2-10 IF risk factors:

  1. FHx hyperlipidemia
  2. FHx CV dz
  3. Obesity/overwt.
  4. HTN
  5. DM
66
Q

1st dental visit

A

12 mos-2 yrs OR

3 yrs

67
Q

How long in a rear facing car seat?

A

2 years

68
Q

How long in a booster seat?

A

4’9”

69
Q

How long until front seat?

A

13 y.o.

70
Q

Hep B vaccine CI

A

Severe allergy to yeast

71
Q

Rotavirus Vaccine CI’s

A
  1. Hx Intussusception
  2. Infants w/ SCID
  3. Defer in those w/ acute mod/severe gastro
72
Q

Before this vaccine, what was the leading cause of invasive bacterial dz in children <5 yrs in the US?

A

HiB

73
Q

HiB complications

A
  1. Meningitis
  2. Pneumonia
  3. Epiglottis
  4. Death
74
Q

CI to HiB vaccine

A
  1. Children <6 wks

2. Allergic Rxn to previous HiB vaccine

75
Q

What is a common cause for AOM and Sinusitis?

A

Pnuemococal

76
Q

PCV 13 Vaccine CI

A
  1. Severe previous allergy to vaccine

2. Severe acute illness

77
Q

Rubella disease complications

A

Very serious in pregnant women!

  1. Miscarriage
  2. Stillbirth
  3. Birth defects
78
Q

Measles complications

A
  1. Encephalitis

2. Pneumonia

79
Q

Mumps complications

A
  1. Encephalitis
  2. Meningitis
  3. Deafness
  4. Orchitis
80
Q

MMR CI’s

A
  1. Anaphylactic Egg or Neomycin allergy
  2. Immunocompromised
  3. Pregnant or intending to get pregnant in 28 days
81
Q

Hepatitis A tranmission

A

Contaminated food or water

Peds I & II (8 decks)

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