Weimar Republic Simulation PT.2 Flashcards
When did the Allied Reparations Commision decide on the reparation Germany had to pay?
January 1921
When was the Genoa Conference?
April 1922
Who were involved in the Rapallo Treaty?
USSR and Germany
When was the Rapallo Treaty signed?
April 1922
When was the Ruhr Invasion?
11th January 1923
What reperations did Germany miss to cause the Ruhr invasion?
Instalments of coal and timber
Who was the French prime minister at the time of the invasion?
Poincaré
What troops entered the Ruhr?
Belgian and French troops
What did the Germans do in response to the invasion of the Ruhr (1923)?
Passive Resistance
What examples of Passive Resistance did the German public do in response to the invasion of the Ruhr (1923)?
Strike - Most Germans went on strike rather than work for the French, so the economy slowly declined
What were the consequences of the Invasion of the Ruhr (1923)
Deaths - 132 people were killed
Evictions - Over 150,000 Ruhr Germans were evicted from their homes
What period was Passive Resistance still in place?
Januany 1923 - November 1923
What were the causes of Hyperinflation?
- The German goverment printed more money
- The money was not back up by genuine wealth, businesses didn’t trust the new money, so they raised their prices, then the govern ment printed off more money
What were the effects of Hyperinflation?
- Prices went through the roof - Money was circling around which had reached crazy proportions
- Stresemann - He came in and reactivated the production line in the Ruhr
- A deal was made with Britain, Germany, France, and USA that passive resistance was to be called off.
What former army leader’s support did Adolf Hitler obtain?
General Lundendorff
What was the period at which Hyperinflation was a thing?
1923 Jan - Nov
When was the Beer Hall Putsch
November 8th 1923
What was the goernment meeting which Adolf Hitler hijacked in November?
Beer Hall Putsch
What did Hitler state when he hijacked the Beer Hall Putsch?
“The National Revolution has broken out”
In retaliation to the Beer Hall Putsch what did Hitler do?
Marched his 3000 followers to Munich on November 9th 1923
What happened to the march to Munich on November 9th 1923?
100 police and soldiers fired upon them. 16 Nazis were killed. Shortly afterwards Lundendorff and Hitler were both arrested
What was evidense of political stability in Germany
- Gustav Stresemann was the new chancellor, who was well-respected and that promoted stability
- Elections May 1928, would be the worst ever results for the extremist political parties
What was the new currency introduced by Hjalmar Schacht?
Rentenmark
Who introduced the Rentenmark?
Hjalmar Schacht
When was the Dawes Plan introduced and put into place?
April 1924
What were the terms of the Dawes Plan?
German reparations payments would be spread out over a longer period, and the USA will lend Germany 800 million gold marks to rebuild its economy.
What was evidence of success for the Dawes Plan?
Firstly, Germany received far more loans than she would ever pay back. Secondly, production levels finally overtook 1914 levels in 1928, and huge industrial work such as I.G Farben would emerge. Thirdly, in 1929 the Young Plan reduced the final reparations from 6.6 billion to 2 billion.
What was examples of Cultural Recovery?
Science - Alber Einsten at Humboldt University became the intellectual focus of the word
Music - Arnol Schoenber, the modern opera Kurt Weill adn cabaret all were popular at the time
Drama - Bertolt Brecht’s plays cam with stage directions by Max Reinhardt and Erwin Psicator
Literature - Thomas Mann explored the limits of modernist writing
Architecture - A new architectural style at the Bahaus emerged, led by Walter Gropius
Cinema - Films like the Blue Angel which starred Marlene Dietrich which promoted a liberated view of women
When were the Locarno Treaties?
1925
What were the terms of the Locarno Treaties?
- France - French and Belgian troops were pulled out of the Ruhr in december 1923
- Britain - Germany, France, Belgium swore to respect eachother’s borders.
What was the evidense of success of the Locarno Treaties?
Rhineland - In 1926 allied troops pulled out of the Rihneland
League - France allows Germany to join the League of Nations
Nobel - Briand, Stresemann and Chamberlain were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
Honeymoon - That period of international harmony was called the “Locarno Treaties”
What effect did the Locarno Treaties (1925) have on relations between the USSR and Germany?
The Locarno Treaties made no mention of the borders shared with the USSR in the East. This made the USSR feel nervous and undermined the Rapallo Treaty in which Germany pledged to support with USSR. The USSR and Germany signed the Treaty of Berlin in 1926 in an attempt to rebuild their relationship, but it didn’t add up to much.
What did Ordinary Germans think of the new artistic movements?
Decadent and Immoral
What did Erich Kastner say about Berlin?
“In the east there is crime; in the centre the con men hold sway; in the north resides misery, in the west lechery; and everywhere–the decline.”
What was the problem with the new Expressionism Cinema?
Expressionism in cinema – Fritz Land led the expressionist movement, which was more interested in personal feeling and expression than in hard reality. His film “Dr Mabuse” shows the slums, the cabarets, the prostitution, and the decadence of Berlin in all of its horrid detail.
Who main led Expressionism in Cinema?
Fritz Lang
Who led Dadaism in art?
George Grosz led Dada movement
What was wrong with Dadaism in art?
It rejected the idea that politics and religion had anything to offer. His drawing and paintings were scathing attacks on the new Germany
What were examples of Economic Instability in the working class?
The working class resent the unemployment caused by the restriction of credit to businesses (which kept inflation rates low)
What were examples of Economic Instability in the middle classes?
The middled classes resented the loss of their savings in the hyperinflation of 1923.
What were examples of Economic Instability in the German Economy?
The German economy was massively dependent upon US loans. If the US economy fails so should Germany’s economy.
