Weimar Opposition, Control and Consent Flashcards
1
Q
The Legacy Of War Short Term
- Military
- Sailors
- Psychological
- Treaty losses
- Political
A
The Legacy Of War Short Term
- Generals refused to take part in peace talks, military still believed to be invincible
- Sailors mutinied at Kiel, spreading to industrial workers
- Psychological impact of Stab in the Back myth
- Treaty losses (All colonies, 80% navy, 48% iron, 16% coal, 13% territory, 12% population)
- Left wing politicians were constantly attacked about Versailles
2
Q
Legacy of War Long Term
- Economic consequences
- Military consequences
- Psychological consequences
A
Legacy of War Long Term
- Hyperinflation, Occupation of Ruhr, Munich Putsch, Young Plan
- Kapp Putsch, Veterans groups
- Organisation consul
3
Q
Effects of reparations
- Amount
- Viability to pay
- Political impact
A
Effects of reparations
- 10 to 12% of annual GDP
- Could have paid, but would be difficult
- Used by the right as a political betrayal of the German people
4
Q
Far Left Opposition
- Spartakist Uprising (Jan 1919)
- Bavarian Republic (March 1919)
- Ruhr Uprising (March 1920)
- The Red Fighting League
A
Far Left Opposition
- Spartakist Uprising; supported by Russia, withdrew Ebert, poorly organised, defeated by Freikorps
- Bavarian Republic; organised soviet republic, crushed by Freikorps and right wing government put in charge
- Ruhr Uprising; 50,000 uprising, controlled Ruhr for several weeks, crushed by Freikorps
- The Red Fighting League; paramilitary group dominated by KPD, fought SA and banned in 1929
5
Q
Far Right Opposition
- Kapp Putsch
- Organisation Consul
- Munich Putsch
- SA and NSDAP
A
Far Right Opposition
- Kapp Putsch; Army refused to help, leader of opposition, stopped by general strike
- Organisation Consul; Paramilitary terrorists, assassinated 350 politicians (Erzberger + Rathenau)
- Munich Putsch; Hitler planned to march on Berlin with govt and police support, got rejected, exploited trial
- SA and NSDAP; Paramilitary group in street fights, 400,000 men inn Jan 1932, Motor corps, organised
6
Q
Conservative Elites
- Junkers
- Industrialists/Businessmen
- Administrators and Bureaucrats
A
Conservative Elites
- Junkers; rich Prussian landowning class, 1/6 arable land, conservative nationalists who opposed communism
- Industrialists/Businessmen; Mainly based in Ruhr, such as Krupp, Mercedes-Benz, disliked social policies, and arbitration in disputes
- Administrators and Bureaucrats; Institutions like civil service, army, judiciary, education cooperated but still undermined
7
Q
Why were early threats insignificant
- Organisation
- Support
A
Why were early threats insignificant
- Poor and fragmented organisation
- Lacking popular support, went to SPD (Never more than 15% far left vote) and army refused to help Freikorps
8
Q
Group Support of the Republic
- Working class
- Elites
- Trade unions
- Middle class liberals
- Religious leaders
- Army and ex soldiers
- Artists and journalists
- Young women
- Urban dwellers
- Rural communities
- Lower middle class
A
Group Support of the Republic
- Working class mostly supported the republic
- Elites did not supported the republic
- Trade unions supported the republic
- Middle class liberals supported the republic
- Religious leaders supported the republic
- Army and ex soldiers did not supported the republic
- Artists and journalists supported the republic
- Young women supported the republic
- Urban dwellers supported the republic
- Rural communities did not supported the republic
- Lower middle class did not supported the republic
9
Q
Main methods to control/win over the people
- Army
- Industrial relations
- Emergency powers
- Laws
A
Main methods to control/win over the people
- Army supported the Republic with far left if they dealt strongly with left
- Industrial relations increased by Stinnes-Legien agreement 1918, decreased KPD vote but angered right
- Emergency powers of article 48 kept authority
- Law to defend the Republic 1922 gave powers and special courts, but bypassed by Bavarian governor
