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History > Weimar Germany 1919-1933 > Flashcards

Weimar Germany 1919-1933 Flashcards

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0
Q

What happened to the Kaiser in October 1918?

A

He realised the situation was hopeless and abdicated

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1
Q

How was Germany in a poor state after ww1?

A
  • There was a lack of food and supplies
  • people were starving
  • riots were breaking out
  • the navy rebelled against the Kaiser
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2
Q

Who were the Social Democrats and who was their leader?

A
  • the biggest political party in Germany at the time.

- their leader was Friedrich Ebert

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3
Q

What did the Social Democrats do when the Kaiser abdicated?

A
  • their leader Friedrich Ebert took on the job of running Germany.
  • he tried to improve people’s lives by giving them better working conditions and freedom of speech
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4
Q

What was signed on the 11th hour of 11/11/1918?

A

The armistice with the allies

The surrender terms

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5
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

GARGLE

A

-GUILT:
>Germany accepted full blame for the war
>the ‘war guilt clause’ article 231
>Germany rejected it as too harsh

-ARMY
>army limited to 100,000 men
>no submarines
>no aeroplanes
>6 battleships

-REPARATIONS
>£6,600 million (£217 billion in 2011)

-GERMANY LOST LAND
>Alsace-Lorraine to France
>Germany kept Rhineland, but had to stay demilitarised

-LEAGUE OF NATIONS
>set up, Germany not included

-EXTRA POINTS
>banned from Union with Austria

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6
Q

What new rules did the Weimar government bring in?

A
  • Everyone over the age of 20 could vote
  • People voted for MPs who would sit in the Reichstag
  • The Reichstag would suggest and vote on new laws
  • The chancellor would be head of the Reichstag and would be voted in every 4 years
  • There was a president who would choose the chancellor and keep control of the army and would be voted on every 7 years
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7
Q

Who was part of the Weimar constitution, and what is the order of power?

A

President -> Chancellor -> The Reichstag (parliament) -> the German people

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8
Q

What were the presidents roles?

A
  • Elected every 7 years
  • Controlled armed forces
  • Stayed out of the day-to-day running of the country
  • In an emergency, he could make laws without going through the Reichstag
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9
Q

What was the role of the Chancellor?

A
  • Responsible for the day-to-day running of the country
  • chosen by the president from the Reichstag
  • Like a prime minister
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10
Q

What did the Reichstag do?

A
  • voted on new laws
  • members elected every four years, through a system called PR (proportional representation). This system gave small parties a chance to have a say in parliament.
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11
Q

What were the strengths of the Weimar constitution?

A
  • Very fair, particularly the voting
  • Allowed lots of people to have their say
  • state governments would ensure local issues were addressed.
  • A poor chancellor or president would only be around for a limited amount of time.
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12
Q

What was the role of the German public?

A
  • elected the president and members of the Reichstag
  • All men and women over 20 could vote
  • All adults had equal rights and the freedom of speech
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13
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Weimar constitution?

A
  • Proportional Representation meant that there were lots of different parties in the Reichstag - it was difficult to get them to agree on anything
  • Article 48 could be abused so that the president stopped listening to the Reichstag
  • state governments could pass laws that went against what the Reichstag wanted
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14
Q

When was the Spartacist Revolution?

A

January 1919

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15
Q

What was the Spartacists revolution?

A
  • In January 1919, the left wing German communist party (the Spartacists) decided that they wanted to take over Germany from Ebert.
  • They started a revolution attempt on January the 6th. It was not succesful… In a week, Ebert with the help of his Freikorps had stopped the rebellion and killed many communists
  • the spartacist leaders (Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebnecht), were murdered. 100 others were killed.
  • although it was successful for Ebert, the left wing communists would never support the Weimar Republic again.
16
Q

Who were the leaders of the Spartacists?

A

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebnecht

17
Q

Who were the Freikorps?

A

Ex- WW1 soldiers paid by the government to help keep order

18
Q

When was the Kapp Putsch?

A

January 1920

19
Q

What was the Kapp putsch?

A
  • the right wing hated the social democrats.
  • the Freikorps themselves went agains Ebert in 1920 when they supported Wolfgang Kapp in his attempt to take over the country.
  • 12000 men marched on Berlin
  • what stopped the Putsch was the workers of Berlin going on strike and not helping the Freikorps
20
Q

Who lead the Kapp Putsch?

A

Wolfgang Kapp

21
Q

Which political parties did not like the Weimar Republic?

A

The communists and the right wing

22
Q

What happened between 1919 and 1923 to over 200 people connected to the Weimar Republic?

A

They were assassinated

23
Q

Who was Walther Rathenau?

A
  • A politician who was involved with the armistice and the Treaty of Versailles.
  • he was assassinated
24
Q

What did the assassination of people related to the Weimar Republic show?

A

That people did not like the new government.

That they had failed to stop violence on the streets

25
Q

When was the invasion of the Ruhr?

A

1923

26
Q

When was Hyperinflation?

A

1923

27
Q

How did Germany get on with paying reparations?

A

They paid their first in 1921, but couldn’t afford it in 1922

28
Q

What did France and Belgium do when Germany couldn’t pay their reparations?

A

They invaded the Ruhr to take the payment by force, by taking goods.

29
Q

How did Germany react to the invasion of the Rhur?

A

With passive resistance. They went on strike and refused to make the goods that France and Belgium wanted.

They sabotaged factories and flooded mines

30
Q

What did France and Belgium do when the German workers in the Ruhr went on strike?

A

They reacted with violence; shooting some Germans and expelling some others

31
Q

What did the Weimar government do when the Ruhr was invaded?

A

They supported the strikers by printing more money to pay them so that they could afford to keep striking

32
Q

What caused hyperinflation?

A

Too many notes being produced meant that prices went out of control.

33
Q

In November 1923 how much did a loaf of bread cost in Germany?

A

201,000,000,000 marks

34
Q

How bad did hyperinflation get?

A
  • people had to carry their money in wheelbarrows.
  • prices went up so fast that a day’s wages would just but a cup of coffee the next day.
  • the middle class and the elderly suffered badly as their savings and their pensions were wiped out
35
Q

When and how did hyperinflation end?

A

In November/December 1923 as Stresemann introduced the Rentenmark

History (8 decks)

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