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Yr11 History > Weimar and Nazi Germany > Flashcards

Weimar and Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the outcome of ww1 for Germany?

A
  • 2 million soldiers dead (55% army)
  • British navy blockade - 750,000 Germans died of food shortages
  • Debt of 150 billion marks
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2
Q

What was the cause of the Spartacist uprising?

A

On the 5th January 1919, Thousands of workers protested through Berlin.

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3
Q

How did the Spartacist uprising begin

A
  • On the 6th of January, the Spartacists took control over the government with 100,000 people.
  • The leaders were ‘Red’ Rosa Luxemburg and Karl LIebknecht.
  • Took over government papers and telegraph offices
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4
Q

How did Ebert deal with the Spartacist uprising?

A
  • On the 13th of January, Ebert used 250,00 Freikorps against unarmed protesters to end the uprising.
  • By the 16th of January, Luxemburg and Liebknecht had been arrested and executed.
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5
Q

What was the Kapp putsch?

A
  • After getting rid of the Spartacists, the Freikorps refused to disband and instead marched on Berlin. Because the German army had only 100,000 soldiers and the army surrendered, despite Eberts orders. Wolfgang Kapp took power over the government and invited the Kaiser back to Germany.
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6
Q

Why did the Kapp Putsch fail?

A
  • Ebert asked the people to strike. After 4 days of strikes, the Putsch came to an end. Wolfgang kapp was caught and put in prison.
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7
Q

What was the 1924 Dawes plan?

A

loaned German businesses 25 billion marks. Helped the economy as production doubled 1923-28 and employment went up increasing tax revenue. BUT - right wing hated them paying ToV reparations at all and the economy depended on US loans.

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8
Q

What was the 1929 young plan?

A

Reduced reparations down to 121 billion marks and an extra 59 years to pay. Was hated by the right wing (Hitler) as repayments still 50 million/year until 1988.
These allowed Streseman to lower taxes and increase public spending which benefited the economy.

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9
Q

What happened in October 1929?

A
  • On October the 3rd, Streseman died.
  • On October the 28th, the wall street crash happened.
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10
Q

What was the unemployment like for Germans in the golden age?

A
  • Unemployment fell to 2 million in 1926 and 1.3 million in 1928.
  • 60 marks a week helped unemployed.
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11
Q

What was life like for the employed in the golden age?

A

Shorter week by 4 hours and wages up 25%

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12
Q

How did education change during the golden age?

A

Education improved as people in higher education increased by 40,000 during the golden age.

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13
Q

How did the amount of female doctors change during the golden age?

A

The amount of female doctors doubled.

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14
Q

How did the treatment of women change during Weimar Germany and the golden age?

A
  • Young unmarried women in towns and cities had job opportunities, freedom and independence
  • The Weimar constitution allowed people of all genders over the age of 21 to vote.
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15
Q

When did Hitler start the SA?

A

In August 1921, Hitler started the SA with 800 men.

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16
Q

What was Hitlers 25 point program?

A
  • Hitler’s Nazi policies (manifesto). Against Weimar democracy and the ToV and also anti-Semitic.
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17
Q

How did the Munich Putsch begin?

A

On the 8th of November 1923, Bavarian government leaders met in a Munich beer hall led by Von Kahr. Hitler burst in with 600 SA, shot the ceiling and declared a takeover of Bavaria and a plan to march on Berlin. He wanted to make Ludendorff the new leader of Germany. He planned to use Munich as a base for his March on the Weimar republic

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18
Q

How did the Munich putsch go?

A
  • Hitler hesitated but on the 9th of November he carried on with the revolt with 1000 SA and 2000 ‘volunteers’. In the Town square shooting between the SA and the police began. Goering shot in the leg and Hitler’s arm dislocated as shock troops protected him. 14 Nazis shot and 4 police.
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19
Q

How did Hitlers trial go?

A
  • Ludendorff was found not guilty because he was friends with the Judges
  • Hitler and the Nazis given 5 years for treason (served 9 months in Landsberg prison) and NSDAP banned
  • Hitler used trial for publicity and speeches
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20
Q

When was the SS formed?

A

In 1925, Hitler replaced Rohm as leader of the SA and set up SS (Protection Squad) as bodyguards led by Heinrich Himmler.

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21
Q

What did Hitler do after being released?

A
  • In December 1924, Hitler was released from prison. Only served 9 months of his 5 year sentence.
  • In Feburary 1925, the Nazis were unbanned and Hitler re-launched the Nazi party at a mass meeting.
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22
Q

What was the outcome of the 1930 election for the Nazis?

A

The Nazis won 107 seats out of 577 (18% of vote).

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23
Q

What was the result of the 1932 Reichstag elections?

A

Violence in the streets led to 100 deaths and 7000 injuries. The Nazis ended up getting 230 seats out of 577.

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24
Q

What was the Mein Kampf?

A

Hitler wrote his life story in prison and expressed why he has his political beliefs. 20,000 copies were sold.

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25
Q

When was Hitler appointed chancellor?

A

On the 3rd of January 1933 Hitler was appointed.

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26
Q

What was the Locarno pact?

A

The Locarno pact December 1925:
- Accepted 1919 border with France
- Agreed Rhineland would remain demilitarised
- Five powers agreed to open talk about Germany joining the league of nations.

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27
Q

When did Germany join the league of nations?

A

In September 1926, Germany joined the league of nations. It was established in the aftermath of the treaty of Versailles and Germany was given a place on the council which took the most important decisions in the league.

28
Q

What was the Kellogg-Briand pact?

A

In August 1928, 61 countries signed the pact and promised that they would not use war to achieve their goals.

29
Q

When did Streseman create the Rentenbank?

A

November 1923

30
Q

When did he create the Reichbank and what did it issue?

A

The national bank, Reichbank, was created and a introduced new currency called the Reichsmark

31
Q

When was the Reichstag fire and who did it?

A

The Reichstag was done by a mentally ill communist, Van de lubbe, on 27 Feburary 1933

32
Q

What was the aftermath of the Reichstag fire?

A

Hitler had 4000 communists arrested and Hitler passed the enabling act in March

33
Q

How many women had attended Nazi classes by 1939

A

1.7 million women had attended Nazi classes

34
Q

How did Hitler encourage people to have children?

A
  • Loans of up to 1000 marks were given for married couples. 25% was payed off per child.
35
Q

When were women banned from professional jobs?

A

In 1933 - women were banned from professional posts

36
Q

How many were in Hitler youth by 1939?

A

9 million were in Hitler youth movements by 1939

37
Q

What was the peak amount of members in the RAD?

A

422,000

38
Q

How did Hitler hide unemployment?

A

He made it compulsory for all young men to do 6 months of work for the RAD

39
Q

How much did wages go up under Hitler?

A

Wages went up 20% between 1933 and 1939

40
Q

What was the Autobahns?

A

The Nazis planned a 7000km network of dual carriage road.

41
Q

How big was the Nazi army in 1939?

A

1.36 million

42
Q

How did working hours change between 1933 and 1939?

A

The working hours increased from 42 hours to 49 hours a week

43
Q

What did the Nazi party do to suppress workers uprising?

A

The Nazi party banned trade unions in 1933

44
Q

What was the enabling act?

A
  • Passed in March 1933
  • The Reich cabinet could pass new laws
  • These laws could overrule the constitution
  • The laws would be proposed by the chancellor for 4 years without consent of parliment
45
Q

What was the night of the long knives?

A

In June 1934, Hitler and the SS went in the night and arrested and killed Ernst Rohm as he thought the may organise a coupe against him.

46
Q

What was the treaty of Versailles?

A
  • The German army was limited to 100,000
  • They had to pay reparations ( 132 billion marks )
  • The Ruhr was demilitarised
47
Q

What was invisible unemployment?

A

The Nazis didn’t record some unemployed people to make it seem like there was economic prosperity

48
Q

Who led the SS?

A

Heinrich Himmler

49
Q

What did Hitler do to control the lawyers and judges in Germany?

A
  • Judges had to swear an oath of loyalty to Hitler and were expected to act always in the interests of the Nazi state.
  • All lawyers had to join the Nazi Lawyers’ Association, which meant they could be controlled.
50
Q

How did the Nazi party indoctrinate children with education?

A
  • History - lessons included a course on the rise of the Nazi Party.
  • Biology - lessons were used to teach Nazi racial theories of evolution in eugenics.
51
Q

How did the Nazi party suppress Judaism?

A

They banned the old Testament as they saw it as a “jewish book”.

52
Q

What was the confessional church?

A

A group of non-conforming protestants.

53
Q

How many in the confessional church were sent to concentration camps?

A

800 of the confessional church were sent to concentration camps

54
Q

How many workers did the Autobahns create work for?

A

80,000

55
Q

How did the Nazi react to the Edelweiss pirates?

A

In 1942 over 700 of them were arrested

56
Q

Who set up the Confessing church and what happened to him?

A

Martin Neimoller set up the Confessing church and he was sent to a concentration camp between 1937-1945.

57
Q

By 1932, how many SA members were there?

A

In 1932, there were 400,000 members of the SA

58
Q

In January 1933, how many were unemployed?

A

one in three Germans were unemployed, with the figure hitting 6.1 million.

59
Q

How many were in the Edelweiss pirates?

A

By 1939 there were around 2000 in the Edelweiss pirates

60
Q

What was Article 48?

A

This gave the president the power to act without parliament’s approval in an emergency. However, it did not clearly define what an ‘emergency’ was, so the power was overused, which weakened Germans’ confidence in democracy.

61
Q

What was proportional representation and what was wrong with it?

A

Each party got the same percentage of seats in parliament as the percentage of votes it received in an election. This meant there were lots of small parties in Parliament making it difficult to pass laws and led to weak and often short-lived governments.

62
Q

What went wrong for Germany in 1922?

A

In November 1922 Germany defaulted on its reparations payment as scheduled. The first reparations payment had taken all she could afford to pay. The French believed Germany could make the repayment but were choosing not to, however the German government argued they could not afford to pay.

63
Q

What did France and Belguim do in 1923?

A

In January 1923, France and Belgium sent troops into Germany’s main industrial area, the Ruhr Valley. Their aim was to confiscate industrial goods as reparations payments as they didn’t believe Germany was unable to pay the second instalment. They occupied coal mines, railways, steel works and factories – all things that were important to Germany’s economy.

64
Q

How did the workers protest against the French in the Ruhr?

A

The German government ordered workers to follow a policy of ‘passive resistance’ – refusing to work or co-operate with the foreign troops and in return the government continued to pay their wages.

65
Q

How did the French respond to the Workers resisting?

A

in the Krupp steel works, workers refusing to take orders were shot at. Other people were expelled from the Ruhr region altogether. Overall, 132 were killed and approximately 150,000 expelled from the area.

66
Q

How bad was inflation in 1923?

A

In Autumn 1923, it cost more to print a note than the note was worth

67
Q

How did inflation affect food prices?

A

Bread cost 250 marks in January 1923, had risen to 200,000 million marks in November 1923.

Yr11 History (6 decks)

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