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Yr11 History > Queen Elizabeth > Flashcards

Queen Elizabeth Flashcards

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1
Q

What problems did Queen Elizabeth face when she took the throne?

A

1) Religion - Country was split between Catholicism and Protestantism
2) Legitimacy - Her Mother was Anne Boleyn. Catholics and some protestants didn’t recognise her claim
3) financial issues - 300,000 pounds debt and 286,000 yearly income

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2
Q

What were the three religious settlements?

A

Act of Supremacy - The Monarch is head of the church of England
Act of uniformity - All priests had to wear the same thing and there was a 12p fine for rescusants
Royal Injunctions - instructions on how to worship AND reinforces these two acts.

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3
Q

What were the impacts of the religious settlements?

A
  • 1/28 bishops took the oath
  • Majority of ordinary people accepted
  • In the north people were slow to accept these changes
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4
Q

What was the crucifix controversy?

A

Crucifix Controversy - Elizabeth wanted to keep them as she liked them and Catholics wouldn’t be upset. Puritans saw this as idol worship.

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5
Q

What was the vestement controversy?

A

Vestment Controversy - 1566 not all priests were following the dress codes and the rules were reissued and an exhibition was arranged to show priests what they could wear. Only 37 out of 110 invited showed up.

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6
Q

What was the treaty of troyes?

A

1564 - Treaty of Troyes - which gave Calais back to France. France also gave Elizabeth 120,000 coins of Gold

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7
Q

What was the revolt of the Northern Earls?

A

Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland would raise an army and march south with the Duke of Norfolk. They would meet 10,000+ Spanish soldiers in Hartlepool and march on London. After overthrowing Elizabeth they would install MQS on the throne and she would marry the Duke of Norfolk.

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8
Q

What happened during the revolt of the Northern Earls?

A
  • over 800 rebels are executed.
  • The Spanish soldiers never arrive
  • Norfolk is arrested and sent to the Tower of London on 1st November 1569.
  • The Earl of Westmoreland escaped and the Earl of Northumberland was captured and executed
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9
Q

What was the Ridolfi plot?

A
  • 1571
  • Italian Catholic Banker
    Murder Elizabeth
  • Uncovered by Sir William Cecil
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10
Q

What was the Babington plot?

A
  • 1586
  • MQS was secretly sending letters to a catholic allies in London who was speaking to Babington. Sir Francis Walshingham intercepted the letters and hired a cryptographer to break them. They eventually found enough incriminating evidence to have both of them executed
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11
Q

What was the consequence of the Babington plot?

A
  • Plots uncovered MQS is executed.
  • Babington is hung drawn and quartered.
  • Duke of Guise was to invade with his army and put MQS on the throne but it never ended up happening
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12
Q

Explain the Treaty of Nonsuch?

A
  • August 1585 she signs the Treaty of Nonsuch
  • Elizabeth agrees to directly intervene in the Netherlands
  • She’s at war with Spain
  • She sends Sir Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, with 7,400 troops to the Netherlands to fight the Spanish
  • Sends Drake to raid Spanish settlements in the New World
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13
Q

How successful was Drakes raid on Cadiz?

A
  • April 1587 - Drake’s raid on Cadiz - to delay the sailing of the Armada. 30 ships destroyed.
  • Gives another year to prepare for the Armada.
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14
Q

What was the Spanish Armada?

A
  • Spain
    131 ships
    2,000 cannons
    30,000 men
  • England
    200 ships
    200 cannons
    14,000 men
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15
Q

What happened in the Spanish armada?

A
  • Spotted on 29th July and Elizabeth is alerted using a beacon system
  • the Spanish stop at Calais to pick up French men
  • 6th August, Drakes launches fire ships and the Spanish are forced to cut their anchors
  • The wind pushes them up North and they lose their formation
  • 8th August, Battle of the Gravelines. The English ships attack the Spanish.
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16
Q

What went wrong with the Armada?

A
  • Spanish didn’t have fresh food
  • English ships were faster and had longer ranged cannons.
  • The bad weather during the Battle of the Gravelines meant that the Spanish didn’t have a formation. This meant the faster English ships could pick them off.
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17
Q

How many grammar schools were founded in the 1560s?

A
  • 42 grammar schools
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18
Q

How many grammar schools were founded in the 1570s?

A
  • 30 grammar schools
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19
Q

How did theatre change under Elizabeth?

A
  • The first purpose built theatre was the Red Lion in Whitechapel (1567).
    -Theatre companies across England were formed.
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20
Q

Explain one form on spectator sport?

A
  • Cockerels wearing metal spurs were made to attack each other to the death. Much money was gambled on the outcome.
21
Q

What was the treaty of Joinville?

A
  • Winter 1584
  • King of France signed up to the Catholic League, – - Phillip II agrees to help him fight French Protestants.
  • An Alliance between Spain and France
  • This is what lead Elizabeth to the treaty of Nonsuch
22
Q

How did the literacy rates change in the Elizabethan era?

A

-1558 - 20% of men were literate
-1603 - 30% of men were literate

23
Q

Why did poverty increase under Elizabeth?

A
  • 1563 - Phillip II bans Netherlands from importing English wool.
  • Elizabeth was in debt 300,000 due to Mary’s war with France
  • During Elizabeths reign, the population grew 35%. This lead to greater food and housing shortages.
24
Q

Why did Vagabondage increase under Elizabeth?

A
  • Rural depopulation made more homeless people
  • This led to an increase in crime
25
Q

How did Elizabeth deal with Vagabonds?

A
  • 1572 Vagabonds act:
  • Vagrants could have holes drilled through the ear
  • Vagrants could be imprisoned for being caught a 2nd time, hung if caught a 3rd time
26
Q

How did Elizabeth deal with the poor?

A

1576 poor relief act:
- Justices of the peace had to provide able bodied poor with raw materials to make things to sell.

27
Q

How long was Sir Francis Drakes voyage and what effect did it have?

A

-Dec 1577 - September 1580
- Voyage was a great boost to morale in England
- Drake’s success encouraged others to explore and raid Spanish colonies

28
Q

Why did Raleigh decide to colonise Virginia?

A
  • Could be used as a naval base to attack the Spanish shipping from the Spanish Mainland
  • Trade of tobacco and sugar cane to Europe could make a lot of money
29
Q

How did Raleigh get the money and ships for the colony?

A
  • Was able to gain royal backing from Elizabeth I and given a ship and gunpowder worth £400
  • Royal backing enabled other individuals such as Sir Francis Walsingham to provide funds
30
Q

What was wrong with the colonists in Raleigh’s colony?

A

Only 107 colonists sign up – half of which are soldiers, the rest are tradesmen and farmers. This means that a large majority of the settlers aren’t capable of assisting when they arrive at Roanoke. A large amount also aren’t prepared for the hardship of working.

31
Q

What went wrong in the journey to the Virginia?

A

Ships set off far too late in the year – cannot plant crops to see the colonists through the winter
All perishables are on one ship – the Tiger, which hits rocks on the way and loses a large amount of supplies

32
Q

How did the Natives pose problems to Raleigh in Virginia?

A

Native Americans provided a large amount of resistance to the English, the Chief Wingina did not trust the English and grew tired of the constant demands for food from the settlers

33
Q

Who was Chief Winiga?

A

Wingina was Chief of the Algonquian speaking Indians on Roanoke Island and the opposite mainland when Sir Walter Raleigh was seeking to establish an English colony on the North Carolina coast. Wingina was originally supportive of the English presence but quickly began formulating plans to unite the coastal tribes in one great effort to destroy the English once he witnessed English oppression.

34
Q

What was the Papal Bull?

A

1570 - Papal Bull - Elizabeth declared a heretic, released Catholics in England from having to do what Elizabeth tells them.

35
Q

When and which mercenaries does Elizabeth send to the Netherlands to fight the Spanish?

A

1577 - Elizabeth sends John Casimir (mercenary) with 6,000 English and Scottish volunteers to Netherlands

36
Q

When and how does Elizabeth help the Dutch army?

A

1581 - The Duke D’Alencon he arrives in England and Elizabeth gives him £70,000 to fight the Spanish.

37
Q

What was the Statute of Artificers?

A
  • In 1563
  • if people didn’t contribute they could be imprisoned
  • local councils failed to provide relief they could be fined £20
38
Q

What was the Spanish Fury and Pacification of Ghent 1576?

A

17 Dutch provinces declare the Pacification of Ghent -
This included:
- All Spanish soldiers to leave the Netherlands
- Restoration of political autonomy (Dutch King and Parliament)
- End to religious persecution of Protestants

39
Q

Who agreed to the Pacification of Ghent and when was it broken?

A
  • In 1577, Phillips brother - Don Juan arrived and agreed to the terms of the Pacification of Ghent.
  • 6 months later Spanish broke these terms
40
Q

How did Elizabeth fund the Dutch army?

A

Elizabeth sends a loan of £100,000 to Dutch rebels
Agreed that in the future she’d send an army

41
Q

What was the Treaty of Edinburgh?

A

1560 - Treaty of Edinburgh - led to the withdrawal of English and French soldiers and left Scotland to settle its own affairs

42
Q

When did the first Dutch revolt begin?

A

1566 - Dutch Revolt begins

43
Q

What was the Genoese loan?

A

1568 - Genoese Loan - Spanish ships heading to Holland with money to pay the Duke of Alba’s army have to shelter from a storm in England. Elizabeth takes the money - but calls it a loan.

44
Q

How do the Spanish fight the first Dutch revolt?

A

1567 - Duke of Alba arrives with 10,000 soldiers to fight the Dutch rebels

45
Q

When was Jesus College founded?

A

1571 - Jesus College, Oxford - to educate Welsh Boys

46
Q

When was Emmanuel College founded?

A

1584 - Emmanuel College, Cambridge founded

47
Q

What was life like for the poor in Norwich?

A

Norwich:
- 2/5 of poor were under 16 were poor
- 2/3 Women were poor
- 1/4 over 60 were poor

48
Q

What lead to a decrease in employment in agriculture?

A
  • More efficient ways of crop growing (Land enclosures) led to less labour and jobs

Yr11 History (6 decks)

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