Weight Loss Flashcards
> 5% loss of usual body weight in the last 6–12 months
Unintentional weight loss
weight loss from loss of muscle mass (with or without fat loss)
Cachexia
is a geriatric syndrome of diminished muscle mass and function, which may or may not be accompanied by unintentional weight loss
Sarcopenia
Malignancy
(eg, gastrointestinal, lung, lymphoma, renal, and prostate cancers)
Major cause of unintentional weight loss
Nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases
(eg, peptic ulcer disease, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease)
Major cause of unintentional weight loss
Psychiatric disorders (particularly depression)
also eating disorders, food-related delusional manifestations of other psychiatric disorders
Major cause of unintentional weight loss
Endocrinopathies
(eg, hyperthyroidism, diabetes, adrenal insufficiency)
Major cause of unintentional weight loss
Infectious diseases
(eg, HIV, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, chronic fungal or bacterial disease, chronic helminth infection)
Major cause of unintentional weight loss
Advanced chronic disease
(eg, cardiac cachexia from heart failure, pulmonary cachexia, renal failure)
Major cause of unintentional weight loss
Neurologic diseases
(eg, stroke, dementia, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
Major cause of unintentional weight loss
Medications/substances
Major cause of unintentional weight loss
Rheumatologic diseases
(eg, severe rheumatoid arthritis, giant cell vasculitis)
Major cause of unintentional weight loss
Chronic vigorous exercise
(eg, distance running, ballet dancing, gymnastics)
Major cause of unintentional weight loss
peptic ulcer disease
Nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease cause weight loss
celiac disease
Nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease cause weight loss
inflammatory bowel disease
Nonmalignant gastrointestinal disease cause weight loss
hyperthyroidism
Endocrinopathy cause weight loss
diabetes
Endocrinopathy cause weight loss
adrenal insufficiency
Endocrinopathy cause weight loss
HIV
Infectious disease cause weight loss
viral hepatitis
Infectious disease cause weight loss
tuberculosis
Infectious disease cause weight loss
chronic fungal or bacterial disease
Infectious disease cause weight loss
chronic helminth infection
Infectious disease cause weight loss
cardiac cachexia from heart failure
Advanced chronic disease cause weight loss
pulmonary cachexia
Advanced chronic disease cause weight loss
renal failure
Advanced chronic disease cause weight loss
stroke
Neurologic disease causes weight loss
dementia
Neurologic disease causes weight loss
Parkinson disease
Neurologic disease causes weight loss
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Neurologic disease causes weight loss
severe rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatologic disease causes weight loss
giant cell vasculitis
Rheumatologic disease causes weight loss
distance running
Chronic vigorous exercise causes weight loss
ballet dancing
Chronic vigorous exercise causes weight loss
gymnastics
Chronic vigorous exercise causes weight loss
Medications
(eg, digoxin, theophylline, SSRIs, antibiotics)
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Emotional
(eg, depression, anxiety)
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Alcoholism, older adult abuse
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Late-life paranoia or bereavement
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Swallowing problems
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Oral factors
(tooth loss, xerostomia)
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Nosocomial infections
(eg, tuberculosis, pneumonia)
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Wandering and other dementia-related factors
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Hyperthyroidism
Cause of weight loss in older adults
hypercalcemia
Cause of weight loss in older adults
hypoadrenalism
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Enteral problems
(eg, esophageal stricture, gluten enteropathy)
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Eating problems
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Low salt, low cholesterol, and other therapeutic diets
Cause of weight loss in older adults
Social isolation
Cause of weight loss in older adults
stones (chronic cholecystitis)
Cause of weight loss in older adults
digoxin
Medications Cause weight loss in older adults
theophylline
Medications Cause weight loss in older adults
SSRIs
Medications Cause weight loss in older adults
antibiotics
Medications Cause weight loss in older adults
xerostomia
Oral factor Cause weight loss in older adults
esophageal stricture
External problem Cause weight loss in older adults
gluten enteropathy
Enteral problem Cause weight loss in older adults
Dementia
Cause of unintentional weight loss in elderly people
Depression
Cause of unintentional weight loss in elderly people
Disease (acute and chronic)
Cause of unintentional weight loss in elderly people
Dysphagia
Cause of unintentional weight loss in elderly people
Dysgeusia
Cause of unintentional weight loss in elderly people
Diarrhoea
Cause of unintentional weight loss in elderly people
Drugs
Cause of unintentional weight loss in elderly people
Dentition
Cause of unintentional weight loss in elderly people
Dysfunction (functional disability)
Cause of unintentional weight loss in elderly people
Fatigue + unintentional weight loss
(8)
Adrenal insufficiency, cancer, chronic kidney disease, depression, infections, giant cell arteritis, nephrotic syndrome, sarcoidosis
Adrenal insufficiency
Fatigue + unintentional weight loss
cancer
Fatigue/ Fever, night sweats/ Lymphadenopathy + unintentional weight loss
chronic kidney disease
Fatigue + unintentional weight loss
depression
Fatigue + unintentional weight loss
infections
Fatigue/ Fever, night sweats/ Lymphadenopathy + unintentional weight loss
giant cell arteritis
Fatigue/ Fever, night sweats + unintentional weight loss
nephrotic syndrome
Fatigue + unintentional weight loss
sarcoidosis
Fatigue / Lymphadenopathy/ Cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis + unintentional weight loss
Fever, night sweats + unintentional weight loss
(3)
Cancer, infections, giant cell arteritis
Lymphadenopathy + unintentional weight loss
(3)
Infections, cancer, sarcoidosis
Cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis + unintentional weight loss
(5)
Lung cancer, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal pneumonias, HIV/AIDS
Lung cancer
Cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis + unintentional weight loss
tuberculosis
Cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis + unintentional weight loss
fungal pneumonias
Cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis + unintentional weight loss
HIV/AIDS
Cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis + unintentional weight loss
Hematuria + unintentional weight loss
(2)
Renal or prostate cancer
Renal cancer
Hematuria + unintentional weight loss
prostate cancer
Hematuria + unintentional weight loss
Heat intolerance, tremor, anxiety, sweating + unintentional weight loss
Hyperthyroidism
Polydipsia, polyuria + unintentional weight loss
Diabetes
Bone pain (eg, unrelated to activity, prominent at night)
+ unintentional weight loss
Cancer (eg, multiple myeloma, bone metastases from breast, prostate, or lung cancer)
Ascites + unintentional weight loss
(3)
Alcoholism, nephrotic syndrome, cancer (eg, ovarian, gastrointestinal)
Edema + unintentional weight loss
(2)
Chronic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome
Fever + unintentional weight loss
(3)
Cancer, infections, inflammatory disorders
inflammatory disorders
Fever + unintentional weight loss
Chronic kidney disease
Edema + unintentional weight loss
nephrotic syndrome
Edema/ Ascites + unintentional weight loss
Alcoholism
Ascites + unintentional weight loss
cancer
(eg, ovarian, gastrointestinal)
Ascites + unintentional weight loss