Weight Loss Flashcards
What % of canadians are classified as overweight or obese?
26.8%
What is the BMI range for overweight individuals?
25-29.9
What is the BMI of obese?
> 30
What are ‘costs’ of obesity?
48 000 - 66 000 canadians die from conditions linked to excess weight.
4.6 billion to 7.1 billion paid annually in health care and lost productivity related to obesity.
what are some ‘costs’ of living with obesity?
increases risk of:
- joint pain related to knee & hips that may lead to osteoarthritis
- CVD/stroke
- hypertension
- diabetes type 2
- all-cause mortality: death for any reason is higher for someone with obesity
- sleep apnea
- morbidity, mortality, premature death
- decreased quality of life
When would weight loss be recommended?
for individuals overweight and with +1 indicator of increased:
- CVD risks
- obese
- WC: males >100; females >90
- if client has wt loss goal
how does clinically significant wt loss occur?
with ~5% reduction in body mass
What are the components of Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?
activity energy expenditure (~30%)
TEF (~10%)
basal energy expenditure (~60%)
What is static energy balance?
equal amounts of energy in to energy out. ~ 3500kcals = 1lb of fat.
What occurs in a positive energy balance?
weight gain; food intake is higher than activity EE and basal EE
What occurs with a negative energy balance?
weight loss: food intake is less than activity ee and basal ee
What are some compensatory responses with PA induced weight loss?
increased drive to eat, reduced basal ee, changes in behaviour (reduced overall daily PA, reduced adherence, more sleep)
What is the additive energy management model?
assumes that PA increases TEE without a change in basal EE.
What is the performance model of energy management?
assumes that PA increases TEE and basal EE.
What is the compensatory model for energy management?
assumes increased PA with no change in TEE due to decrease in basal EE.
What is energy compensation?
reflects the discrepancy between amount of weight loss predicted from energy deficit and the actual weight loss.
Why is energy compensation controversial in terms of it’s significance but also its clinical relevance regarding weight regain?
studies with restricted calories show overall weight gain increased because BMR reduced during study. and energy consumption resumed to was pre-study.
what is recommended for quick and significant fat loss?
calorie restriction
If sustainable fat loss and prevention of disease is the goal which method achieves the best results?
combination of energy expenditure and caloric restriction.
What are other advantages of PA in weight loss?
maximizes fat loss, particularly visceral fat, minimizes muscle loss reduces risk of comorbid conditions like CVD, diabetes, some cancers. improves physiological funtion.
What does weight loss also result in?
increased appetite and thus energy intake
reduction in basal energy expenditure and changes in behaviour.
What is the most successful use of PA when creating weight lost prescription?
Dietary change + PA is the most effective at reducing weight and preventing weight regain.
If clinically significant weight loss is the goal, how much PA should be completed?
225-420 min/week (~2000kcal/week) is likely needed.
what is required for healthy weight loss?
negative energy balance through decreased calorie intake and increased PA
