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A&P General Oral Practice Questions > Weight & Balance > Flashcards

Weight & Balance Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the datum and its purpose when making weight and balance computations?
A

Imaginary vertical line from which all measurements are taken both forward and aft to determine the relative location of items in the aircraft.

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2
Q
  1. What items concerning weight and balance could be found in the TCDS?
A

(D-CUBS-FLEW)

Datum
CG Limits
Unusable fuel & oil
Baggage capacity
Seat Loacitons
Fuel capacity
Leveling means
Engine horsepower
Weight (maximum)
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3
Q
  1. What is the purpose of weight and balance control?
A

For safety and efficiency of flight

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4
Q
  1. When computing weight & balance, what is the “moment” and how is it obtained?
A

Moment is the force which tends to rotate the aircraft about one of its aces. It is obtained by multiplying the weight of an item by the distance of the item from the datum. (M=WxA)

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5
Q
  1. How would a negative moment be obtained forward of the datum?
A

By adding weight

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6
Q
  1. What is the “arm” of an item and how is it obtained?
A

The arm is the distance an item is located wither forward or aft of the datum. It is obtained either by actual measurement or from the aircraft weight & balance records.

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7
Q
  1. What is “tare” weight, and how is it handled when making weight & balance calculations?
A

“Tare” is the weight of extra equipment i.e. chocks, blocks, jacks, chains. Tare weight must be subtracted from the scale reading in order to obtain Empty weight.

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8
Q
  1. What is meant by “minimum fuel” and how is it calculated for weight & balance?
A

Amount of fuel needed for an extreme condition check, to see if the center of gravity will be out of limits in that situation. For recip engines calculation is maximum except takeoff horsepower divided by two (METO divided by two)

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9
Q
  1. What is meant by “residual” fuel?
A

Fuel remaining in the tanks, sumps, lines, and engine after fuel exhaustion.

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10
Q
  1. What is meant by the center of gravity range?
A

Distance in inches from the most fwd acceptable to the most rearward acceptable center of gravity.

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11
Q
  1. What is an aircraft loading graph?
A

Method for determining load distribution so that the aircraft remains within its operating CG range.

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12
Q
  1. How would you determine the empty weight and empty weigh CG of an aircraft if all weight and balance records are missing?
A

Re-weigh the aircraft and calculate new weight and balance

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13
Q
  1. What is the difference between fixed wing and rotor wing aircraft CG ranges?
A

The CG location in a helicopter is much more critical than fixed wing aircraft. The CG range in some helicopters will be less than 3 inches

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14
Q
  1. When weighing an aircraft to determine the empty weight CG, what must you do regarding the fixed equipment which is normally carried in the aircraft?
A

All operation equipment, whether required, optional, or special equipment, must be included in the aircrafts empty weight

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15
Q
  1. Why do some manufactures specify an empty CG even though the aircraft is not operated at this empty weight?
A

The empty weight CG falls within the empty weight CG range, it is unnecessary to perform a weight and balance check if standard loading and seating arrangements are used.

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16
Q
  1. Why must the aircraft category be considered when computing weight & balance?
A

Some aircraft are certified in both normal and utility categories. Meaning different allowable maximum gross weights

17
Q
  1. Where is the center of gravity located in relation to the aerodynamic center of lift for most airplanes?
A

In the front of the center of lift

18
Q
  1. What are two common ways of representing the CG of an aircraft?
A

Inches from the datum, or percent of mean aerodynamic chord (% of MAC)

19
Q
  1. Is there a federal regulation that requires the regular re-weighing of private aircraft?
A

No

20
Q
  1. Where must a record of the most recent empty weight and center of gravity be kept?
A

It should be maintained in the aircraft flight manual or weight and balance records.

21
Q
  1. What should be done regarding aircraft fuel when performing a weight & balance when draining is not an option>
A

When weighing and aircraft with full fuel tanks, the exact weight per gallon should be verified with a hydrometer. Then, weight of the unusable fuel must be subtracted in the calculations.

22
Q
  1. How should aircraft fuel be drained for weight & balance?
A

Level the aircraft per the TCDS and then drain the fuel system until empty, which will leave unusable fuel in the system.

23
Q
  1. What is a ballast?
A

Ballast can be lead bars, metal plates, shot bags, sandbags, or other items of weight which are placed in the aircraft to attain a desired CG location

24
Q
  1. If the forward CG limit of an aircraft is exceeded after installing several items in the engine compartment, how could the limit be returned to limits without removing or changing any of the newly installed equipment?
A

By adding a ballast weight in the rear of the aircraft.

25
Q
  1. What are the placard requirements for ballast?
A

The ballast location must have a placard stating any limitation on contents including weight, that are necessary under loading requirements.

26
Q
  1. How should an aircraft be leveled for weighing during a weight & balance?
A

It should be leveled per the requirements of the Aircrafts Specifications, or Type Certificate Data Sheet

27
Q
  1. Name one common method of leveling an aircraft during weight & balance?
A

You may use a built in leveling scale and plumb bob

28
Q
  1. Describe a plumb bob and its use.
A

A heavy object in the shape of a cone that is used to determine a spot directly below the point the tool is hanging from.

29
Q
  1. How can you determine if a part will affect the CG without weighing the aircraft?
A

The effect can be determined by basic computations if the weight & balance records are up to date.

30
Q
  1. What is recommended for marking of permanent ballast?
A

In red paint, mark with “permanent ballast, do not remove.”

A&P General Oral Practice Questions (12 decks)

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