Weeks 4-5 // Instrumentation, Operation and Control

Question 1

the ability of an imaging system to differentiate between structures, images or events and display them as separate entities

Answer 1

resolution

Question 2

3 aspects of imaging resolution

Answer 2

spatial
temporal
contrast

Question 3

it is the ability to display two structure situated close together as separate images

Answer 3

spatial resolution

Question 4

two types of spatial resolution

Answer 4

axial
lateral

Question 5

it is the ability to display small targets along the path of the beam as separate entities

Answer 5

axial resolution

Question 6

it is sometimes called as the longitudinal resolution and depends on SPL

Answer 6

axial resolution

Question 7

it is the ability to distinguish two separate targets perpendicular to the beam path

Answer 7

lateral resolution

Question 8

it is sometimes called as azimuthal resolution and depends upon the width of the utz beam, best where the beam is narrowest

Answer 8

lateral resolution

Question 9

it is the ability of the imaging system to differentiate between tissues and display them as different shades of gray

Answer 9

contrast resolution

Question 10

it is the ability of the imaging system to display events which occur at different times as separate images

Answer 10

temporal resolution

Question 11

it is the number of images per second

Answer 11

frame rate

Question 12

two sectional views and image orientation

Answer 12

sagittal plane
transverse plane

Question 13

5 utz scanning modes

Answer 13

bi-scanning
a-mode
b-mode
m-mode
doppler

Question 14

it is one of the utz scanning modes that displays image in black and white combinations only

Answer 14

bi-scanning

Question 15

it is one of the utz scanning modes, a single dimension display consisting of a horizontal baseline

this baseline represents time and/or distance with vertical deflections

it is used in ophthalmology

Answer 15

A-Mode/Amplitude Mode

Question 16

it is one of the utz scanning modes, a two dimensional display of the utz

common to all clinical applications

Answer 16

B-Mode/Brightness Mode

Question 17

B-mode also called as

Answer 17

b-scan
gray scale sonography

Question 18

it is one of the utz scanning modes, used to visualize things that are physically moving

it is used in conjunction with b-mode scanning

this mode is commonly used in the evaluation of cardiac valves and fetal heart activity

Answer 18

M-Mode/Motion Mode

Question 19

it is one of the utz scanning modes, uses the frequency shift of sound waves to measure velocity, typically blood

Answer 19

doppler

Question 20

it is designed to regulate the intensity echoes from various depths

Answer 20

controls

Question 21

it controls how much distance into the body the image displays in the far field

Answer 21

depth

Question 22

it is used to adjust the size of the image so that organs and adjacent structures or regions of interest are equally well visualized

Answer 22

depth

Question 23

when depth is decreased, superficial structures will be __________

Answer 23

when depth is decreased, superficial structures will be MAGNIFIED

Question 24

too much depth can be _________ space

Answer 24

too much depth can be WASTED SPACE

Question 25

it is a knob that adjusts the overall UTZ echo signal

Answer 25

gain

Question 26

as the gain increases, the strength of the returning echoes is _________

Answer 26

as the gain increases, the strength of the returning echoes is AMPLIFIED

Question 27

it may be set up as a column of sliding knobs or may be adjusted for near and far gain

it allows selective control of gain at different depths

Answer 27

time gain compensation

Question 28

it allows for step wise increase in gain to compensate for greater attenuation of utz waves returning from deeper structures

Answer 28

time gain compensation

Question 29

it allows for the magnification of one area on the screen

Answer 29

zoom

Question 30

various capabilities as provided by the manufacturer

Answer 30

keyboard

Question 31

within transducers, there is a _____ which concentrates the sound beam into a smaller beam area than would exit otherwise

this area is where you will obtain your best images

Answer 31

within transducers, there is a FOCUS which concentrates the sound beam into a smaller beam area than would exit otherwise

Question 32

it determines how many shades of gray are demonstrate on an image

Answer 32

dynamic range

Question 33

decreasing dynamic range gives ______ grays and increase contrast

Answer 33

decreasing dynamic range gives FEWER grays and increase contrast

Question 34

it determines how many shades of gray are demonstrated on an image

Answer 34

extended field of view

Question 35

ways of manipulating and saving the image

Answer 35

freeze
cine loop
calipers

Question 36

it is used to create a still image on the monitor

this control captures a single frame from a dynamic range

after this, the sonography can add text, make measurements or calculations, save or print the image

Answer 36

freeze

Question 37

it allows the operator to review a sequence of acquired images

many frames can be stored in a computer memory for immediate playback using this

Answer 37

cine loop

Question 38

it is available to measure distances

Answer 38

calipers

Question 39

it is the images may be captured for archival or export

Answer 39

acquiring images