Weeks 1-2 // Introduction & UTZ Physics

Question 1

the ability of a certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress

Answer 1

piezoelectric effect

Question 2

the speed and the direction of motion of an object

Answer 2

velocity

Question 3

the number of waves that pass a fixed point in unit time; also, the number of cycles or vibrations undergone during one unit of time by a body in periodic motion

Answer 3

frequency

Question 4

distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next wave

Answer 4

wavelength

Question 5

measures the number of wave cycles (or frequency) passing through a given point in a second

Answer 5

velocity

Question 6

pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy travelling through a medium as it propagates away from the source of the sound

Answer 6

soundwave

Question 7

refers to any reduction in the strength of a signal

Answer 7

attenuation

Question 8

resistance to the propagation of ultrasound waves through tissues

Answer 8

acoustic impedance

Question 9

used to describe the reflection and transmission of acoustic waves at interfaces of two materials with mismatched impedances

Answer 9

acoustic mismatch

Question 10

the subjective perception of sound pressure

Answer 10

sound intensity notation

Question 11

he provides the first published work on medical ultrasonics in Austria in 1942 on transmission ultrasound investigation

Answer 11

Dr. Karl Theodore Dussik

Question 12

his work in Glasgow in the mid 1950s did much to facilitate the development of practical technology and applications that led to the wider use of ultrasound in medical practice in the subsequence decades

Answer 12

Professor Ian Donald

Question 13

he is an Italian physicist that uses soundwaves to determine the position of objects that first appeared in the 1794

Answer 13

Lazaro Spallanzani

Question 14

he studied how bats managed to fly in total darkness and theorized that the nocturnal creatures were dependent on using sound to navigate

Answer 14

Lazaro Spallanzani

Question 15

they determined that by applying electrical currents to quartz crystal they produce sound, more specifically, ultrasonic waves

Answer 15

Jacques and Pierre Curie

Question 16

he is a russian physicist that was first to conceptualize using ultrasound for imaging techniques in 1928

Answer 16

Sy Sokolov

Question 17

he was more interested in using the method to find imperfections in metallic structures than for saving lives through diagnostics

Answer 17

Sy Sokolov

Question 18

he is an american scientist that was one of the first to use ultrasound imaging techniques

Answer 18

George Ludwig

Question 19

his research is about gall stones, he turned ultrasound to detect the masses when they were embedded in soft tissue and his analysis in using these soundwaves on animal tissues helped the next scientist down the line

Answer 19

George Ludwig

Question 20

he was the first to fused ultrasound with diagnostic medicine in 1956

Answer 20

Ian Donald

Question 21

it is the device held close to the body

Answer 21

transducer

Question 22

the reflected soundwaves are calculated by a computer and interpreted by a __________

Answer 22

the reflected soundwaves are calculated by a computer and interpreted by a SONOGRAM

Question 23

the ____ makes sure that there are no air pockets between your skin and the transducer, such air pockets could block the soundwaves and prevent the ultrasound from imaging correctly

Answer 23

the GEL makes sure that there are no air pockets between your skin and the transducer, such air pockets could block the soundwaves and prevent the ultrasound from imaging correctly

Question 24

ultrasound produces biological effects by two tissue interactions:

Answer 24

heating and cavitation

Question 25

it is caused by the mechanical friction of the tissue moving during passing of the ultrasonic wave

Answer 25

heating

Question 26

is the production and collapse of small bubbles in the inter and intracellular tissue fluid

Answer 26

cavitation

Question 27

is the perimeter of a circle and is also expressed as unit of length

Answer 27

circumference

Question 28

units of length

Answer 28

km m cm

Question 29

units of area

Answer 29

square meter square cm

Question 30

unit of volume

Answer 30

cubic meter square millimeter

Question 31

unit of time

Answer 31

seconds milliseconds

Question 32

unit of speed

Answer 32

meter per seconds m/s millimeters per microsecond

Question 33

unit of powers

Answer 33

watts

Question 34

unit of work

Answer 34

joule

Question 35

unit of acoustic impendance

Answer 35

rayls

Question 36

sonography comes from the latin word ____ and ______

Answer 36

sonography comes from the latin word SONUS and GRAPHIEN

Question 37

sonus

Answer 37

sound

Question 38

graphien

Answer 38

to write

Question 39

it is medical imaging that uses non-ionizing high frequency soundwaves to generate image of a particular structure

Answer 39

sonography

Question 40

first contact compound B-scanner which uses olive oil as a lubricant was developed

Answer 40

late 1950s

Question 41

early utz equipment visual displays used _________ which produced bi-stable images

Answer 41

early utz equipment visual displays used OSCILLOSCOPES which produced bi-stable images

Question 42

gray scale imaging was introduced

Answer 42

1970

Question 43

real time scanning systems were introduced

Answer 43

mid 1970s

Question 44

application of doppler technique were introduced

Answer 44

1980s

Question 45

is a travelling variation in or more quantities such as pressure

Answer 45

wave

Question 46

_______ are usually produced by something moving back and forth or vibrating

Answer 46

WAVE are usually produced by something moving back and forth or vibrating

Question 47

two major categories of wave phenomena

Answer 47

mechanical wave electromagnetic wave

Question 48

can be transmitted and produced by matter in any form, can travel only through matter

Answer 48

mechanical wave

Question 49

can travel either through matter or through empty space

Answer 49

electromagnetic wave

Question 50

waves are divided into two basic types

Answer 50

longitudinal and trasnverse

Question 51

motion of the particles in a medium is parallel to the direction of wave propagation

Answer 51

longitudinal

Question 52

motion of the particles in a medium is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation

Answer 52

transverse

Question 53

it is a travelling variation of pressure and density

Answer 53

sound

Question 54

regions of low pressure and density

Answer 54

rarefactions

Question 55

regions of high pressure and density

Answer 55

compressions

Question 56

distance between two consecutive identical positions in the wave

Answer 56

wavelength

Question 57

unit of wavelength

Answer 57

mm

Question 58

the number of cycles per second performed by the particles in the medium in response to wave passing through it

Answer 58

frequency

Question 59

unit of frequency

Answer 59

Hertz (Hz)

Question 60

is from the Latin word meaning below

Answer 60

infra

Question 61

is from the Latin word meaning beyond

Answer 61

ultra

Question 62

___________ frequency are absorbed more rapidly than lower lower frequencies

Answer 62

HIGHER FREQUENCY are absorbed more rapidly than lower lower frequencies

Question 63

_________ _________ have shorter wavelength

Answer 63

HIGHER FREQUENCIES have shorter wavelength

Question 64

_________ ________ can distinguish between reflectors that are closer together

Answer 64

SHORTER WAVELENGTHS can distinguish between reflectors that are closer together

Question 65

____ ________ have better penetration

Answer 65

LOW FREQUNCIES have better penetration

Question 66

________ _________ have better spatial resolution but limited penetration

Answer 66

HIGHER FREQUENCIES have better spatial resolution but limited penetration

Question 67

the time it takes for one cycle to occue

Answer 67

period

Question 68

ultrasound common unit:

Answer 68

microsecond

Question 69

period and frequency is _______ proportional

Answer 69

period and frequency is INVERSERLY proportional

Question 70

period _______ as frequency ________

Answer 70

period DECREASES as frequency INCREASES

Question 71

refers to the relationship of one wave to another

Answer 71

phase

Question 72

ultrasound waves whose wave fronts are at the same position

Answer 72

in phase

Question 73

ultrasound waves whose wave fronts are out of position

Answer 73

out of phase

Question 74

the interaction of two or more ultrasound beams having different frequency and/or phase

Answer 74

interference

Question 75

two types of interference

Answer 75

constructive and destructive

Question 76

it occurs when ultrasound waves of the same frequency are in phase, resulting in increased amplitude and it increases the intensity of the ultrasound beam

Answer 76

constructive interference

Question 77

it occurs when ultrasound waves of the same frequency are out of phase, resulting in decreased amplitude and this interference contributes to ultrasound attenuation

Answer 77

destructive interference

Question 78

are measurable quantities that vary within a medium as sound propagates through the medium

Answer 78

acoustic variables

Question 79

acoustic being derived from greek word for _______

Answer 79

acoustic being derived from greek word for HEARING

Question 80

4 acoustic variables

Answer 80

pressure density particle motion temperature

Question 81

amount of force in a given area

Answer 81

pressure

Question 82

concentration of heat energy

Answer 82

temperature

Question 83

concentration of matter

Answer 83

density

Question 84

distance moved by the molecules in the medium

Answer 84

particle motion

Question 85

it is the maximum variation that occurs in a acoustic variable that also measures of how far variable gets away from its normal, undisturbed value

Answer 85

amplitude

Question 86

the rate at which work is done or the rate of flow of energy through a given area

Answer 86

power

Question 87

power per unit area

Answer 87

intensity

Question 88

speed at which sound moves through a medium

Answer 88

propagation speed

Question 89

4 sound propagation properties

Answer 89

elasticity density bulk modulus compressibility

Question 90

refers to the ability of an object to return to its original shape and volume after a force is no longer acting on it

Answer 90

elasticity

Question 91

indicates the fractional decrease in volume when pressure is applied to the material

Answer 91

compressibility

Question 92

mass per unit volume

Answer 92

density

Question 93

reciprocal of compressibility

Answer 93

bulk modulus

Question 94

stiffness of the medium

Answer 94

bulk modulus

Question 95

resistance of a material to compression

Answer 95

sitffness

Question 96

property of a substance which describes how particles of that substance behave when subjected to a soundwave

Answer 96

acoustic impedance

Question 97

gives the proportion of energy reflected from an interface between two substances

Answer 97

intensity reflection coefficient

Question 98

fraction of the incident intensity transmitted into the second medium

Answer 98

intensity transmission coefficient

Question 99

difference in acoustic impedance between two substances

Answer 99

acoustic impedance mismatch