Weeks 4 & 5 - Aqueous Soltutions & The Periodic Table Flashcards

Question

Define what is a standard solution.

Answer 1

A standard solution is a solution containing a precisely known concentration of an element or a substance. A known weight of solute is dissolved to make a specific volume.

Answer 2

Henry's law - the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution. In other words, the amount of dissolved gas is proportional to its partial pressure in the gas phase. The proportionality factor is called the Henry's law constant.

Answer 3

Crystallization is also a chemical solid–liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs.

Answer 4

Of liquids - forming a homogeneous mixture when added together. E.g. "sorbitol is miscible with glycerol"

Answer 5

Volatility is the tendency of a substance to vaporize. Volatility is directly related to a substance's vapor pressure. At a given temperature, a substance with higher vapor pressure vaporizes more readily than a substance with a lower vapor pressure The term is primarily written to be applied to liquids; however, it may be used to describe the process of sublimation which is associated with solid substances, such as dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), which can change directly from the solid state to a vapor, without becoming liquid.

Answer 6

Also called dissolution, is the process of attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute. As ions dissolve in a solvent they spread out and become surrounded by solvent molecules.

Answer 7

The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 of the periodic table. They are the most stable due to having the maximum number of valence electrons their outer shell can hold. Therefore, they rarely react with other elements since they are already stable.

Answer 8

Is a measure of the size of its atoms, usually the mean or typical distance from the center of the nucleus to the boundary of the surrounding cloud of electrons. Low to high - top left hand corner to bottom left hand corner. High to low - left hand side of table to right

Answer 9

The valence shell is the outermost shell of the atom. | The electrons in this shell may be able to move freely depending on the type of reactions

Answer 10

Is qualitatively defined as the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron, of at atom to form a cation

Answer 11

Is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom to form a negative ion - anion

Answer 12

2 or more atom, molecules or ions are isoelectronic with each other is they have the same number of electrons or a similar electron configuration and the same structure regardless of the nature of the elements involved.

Answer 13

Is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom of functional group to attract electrons towards itself. It's affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus.