Beginnings Of Chemistry Wks 1 & 2 Flashcards
What is an electron?
A subatomic particle with a charge of -1 that is outside an atomic mass.
What is an ion?
Is an atom or group of atoms, that has a net positive or negative charge.
What is a cation?
An ion with a positive charge. Where the neutral atom loses one or more electrons.
What is an anion?
An ion with negative charge. Where a neutral atom gains one or more electrons.
Describe metals of the periodic table and where to find them.
Left hand side of the periodic table.
Good conductors of heat and electricity, are malleable and ductile and have the usual metallic lustre.
Describe non-metals of the periodic table and where to find them.
Hydrogen and include most of the right hand side of the periodic table.
Non-ductile, non-malleable, non-conducting elements.
Describe metalloids and where they can be found on the periodic table.
Lie between metals and non-metals. They tend to be semi-conductors.
Where will you find alkali metals on the periodic table?
The 1st group.
Where will you find the alkaline earth metals on the periodic table?
2nd group.
Where will you find halogens on the periodic table and where are they?
17th group. They are reactive non-metallic elements.
Where will you find Nobel gases in the periodic table?
18th group. Most stable
What is the mass number in regards to an atom?
The numerical sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
What is a neutron?
A subatomic particle with a 0 charge and a mass of 1.008u that exists in all nuclei except those of the hydrogen isotope.
What is a proton?
A subatomic particle with a charge of +1 and a mass of 1.0073u that is found in atomic nuclei.
What is the/a nucleus?
The dense core of an atom that comprises protons and neutrons.
What is the/a atomic number?
The number of protons inside the nucleus.
What is an atom?
A neutral particle having a central positively charged nucleus, the smallest representation if an element and he nucleus is surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
What is a compound?
A chemical substance containing two or more elements in a definite and unchanging proportion.
How do you classify a substance?
A substance can be compounds or elements and only one chemical species is present.
How can you classify a mixture?
Can contain two or more chemical species and can be separated into pure substances by physical means. Mixtures can be homogenous - single phase or heterogeneous - different phases.
What is an element?
Matter made up of a single type of atom.
What is matter?
Anything with measurable mass and volume.
How do you define intensive and extensive properties in chemistry?
Are types of physical properties of matters.
Intensive properties - do not depend on the amount of matter that is present. Eg. Colour & density.
Extensive properties - DO depend on the amount of matter that is present. Eg. Volume & weight, length etc.
Define a unit.
Unit is a specific standard quantity of a particular property, against which all other quantities of that property can be measured.
What is the difference between accuracy and precision?
Accuracy - a measurement is of high accuracy if it is close to the correct value.
Precision - a group of measurements is of high precision if all the values lie close together.
Volume and density are?
Two common measurements.
Volume - is related to the quantity of the substance at a defined temperature and pressure.
Density - indicates how much of a substances occupies a specific volume at a defined temperature and pressure.
What are isotopes?
Are atoms of the same elements with a different number of neutrons in their nuclei.
What is molecular formula?
It specifies the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. E.g. Glucose - C6 H12 O6
What are the 2+ cations?
Barium - Ba Magnesium - Mg Zinc - Zn Copper II - Cu Iron II - Fe Beryllium - Be Calcium - Ca Cobalt - Co Tin - Sn Mercury - Hg Lead - Pb
What are the cations with a 1+ charge?
Hydrogen ion - H Sodium - Na Potassium - K Sliver - Ag Copper I - Cu Lithium - Li Ammonium ion - NH4 Rubidium - RBC Caesium - Cs
What are the cations with a 3+ charge?
Iron III - Fe
Aluminium - Al
What are the common anions with a 1- charge?
Hydride - H 1st 4 elements in the halogen group - F, Cl, Br & I Nitrite & nitrate - NO2 & NO3 Bisulfate - HSO4 Hydroxide - OH Cyanide - CN Bicarbonate - HCO3 Permanganate - MnO4 Acetate - CH3COO Superoxide - O2 Thiocynanate - SCN
What are the common anions with a 2- charge?
Oxide - O2 Sulfide - SO3- Sulfate - SO4- Carbonate - CO3 Peroxide - O2
What are some of the common anions with a 3- charge?
Nitride - N
Phosphide - P
Phosphate - PO4
