Weeks 4-5

Question 1

Which mosquito do we not use bed nets for and why?

Answer 1

Aedes aegypti - day biting mosquito

Question 2

Which mosquitoes are vectors for lymphatic filariasis?

Answer 2

Anopheles
Aedes
Mansonia
Culex

Question 3

What is the vector for leishmaniasis?

Answer 3

Sandfly

Question 4

What is the vector for trypanosomiasis and what does it cause?

Answer 4

Tsetse fly
African sleeping sickness

Question 5

Which vector can we trap using blue/black screens?

Answer 5

Tsetse fly (trypanosomiasis)

Question 6

What is the vector for onchocerciasis and what does it cause?

Answer 6

Riverine black fly
River blindness

Question 7

Which environmental factors increase anopheles arabiensis density?

Answer 7

Summer
Hot
Rainy

Question 8

Which mosquito is the common house mosquito and what is it a vector of?

Answer 8

Culex quinquefasciatus
Vector of wuchereria bancrofti

Question 9

Which culex species is found in birds?

Answer 9

Culex univittatus

Question 10

Which culex species is found in farm animals?

Answer 10

Culex theileri

Question 11

Which mosquito is the zebra mosquito and what is it a vector of?

Answer 11

Aedes aegypti
Vector of yellow fever, Zika, Chukungunya, Dengue

Question 12

Which aedes species is found in monkeys?

Answer 12

Aedes africanus

Question 13

What is the life cycle of mosquitoes?

Answer 13

Eggs (2-3d)
Larvae (11d-8w)
Pupae (2-3d)
Adults

Question 14

Which mosquito eggs can tolerate drought?

Answer 14

Aedes

Question 15

Which mosquito has no breathing apparatus and how does this affect its larvae?

Answer 15

Anopheles
Lies parallel to water surface

Question 16

Which mosquito has spots on its wings?

Answer 16

Anopheles Gambian

Question 17

Which mosquito does not feed on blood and why?

Answer 17

Toxorhyncites
Bent proboscis

Question 18

Which mosquito rests at 45 degrees?

Answer 18

Anopheles

Question 19

How are anopheles species differentiated?

Answer 19

Wing variation

Question 20

How are culicine species differentiated?

Answer 20

Thorax

Question 21

Which anopheles is indoor resting?

Answer 21

Gambiae

Question 22

What is tertian malaria?

Answer 22

48h between rigors (falciparum, vivax, ovale)

Question 23

What is quatern malaria?

Answer 23

72h between rigors (malariae)

Question 24

What is the difference between odyssean malaria and imported malaria?

Answer 24

Odyssean - no travel history
Imported - travel history

Question 25

Which form of the malaria parasite forms the apical complex and what does it become?

Answer 25

Merozoite Parasitophorous vacuole

Question 26

How does the trophozoite process the Hb?

Answer 26

Accumulates Hb via cytostomes -> transported to acidic food vacuole -> pigment vacuole where it is separated into haem and global -> haem bundles into pigment (haemazoin) and globin used for energy

Question 27

Differentiate rosetting from clumping

Answer 27

Rosetting - uninfected RBCs bind to infected RBCs Clumping - binding of infected RBCs with platelets via CD36

Question 28

What is the cause of death in vivax usually secondary to?

Answer 28

Splenic rupture

Question 29

What is the cause of death in ovale usually secondary to?

Answer 29

Progressive nephritis

Question 30

What is the metabolic acidosis in malaria usually caused by?

Answer 30

1. Lactate production by parasite 2. Reduced lactate clearance (reduced hepatic blood flow) 3. Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues 4. Marked acute phase response

Question 31

Resistance to which plasmodium does Duffy group negative provide and why?

Answer 31

Vivax RBCs lack glycophorin A and silica acid required for RBC invasion

Question 32

What is PfEMP1?

Answer 32

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein

Question 33

Which parasitic ligand establishes knobs?

Answer 33

PfHRP (histadine rich protein)

Question 34

What are the features of tropical splenomegaly syndrome?

Answer 34

Splenomegaly Hypergammaglobulinemia Hypersplenism

Question 35

What are the features of Blackwater Fever?

Answer 35

Fever Jaundice Anemia Hemoglobinuria Acute hemolysis

Question 36

What is Blackwater Fever associated with?

Answer 36

Quinine therapy Heavy parasitemia G6PD deficiency

Question 37

What are the features of Algid malaria?

Answer 37

Vasomotor collapse Septicemia Splanchnic involvement

Question 38

What stage are all malaria diagnostics for?

Answer 38

Blood stage

Question 39

Which antigen is used in falciparum specific RDTs

Answer 39

HRP2

Question 40

Which antigen is used in plasmodium non-specific RDTs

Answer 40

Lactate dehydrogenase Aldolase