Weeks 4-5 Flashcards
Which mosquito do we not use bed nets for and why?
Aedes aegypti - day biting mosquito
Which mosquitoes are vectors for lymphatic filariasis?
Anopheles
Aedes
Mansonia
Culex
What is the vector for leishmaniasis?
Sandfly
What is the vector for trypanosomiasis and what does it cause?
Tsetse fly
African sleeping sickness
Which vector can we trap using blue/black screens?
Tsetse fly (trypanosomiasis)
What is the vector for onchocerciasis and what does it cause?
Riverine black fly
River blindness
Which environmental factors increase anopheles arabiensis density?
Summer
Hot
Rainy
Which mosquito is the common house mosquito and what is it a vector of?
Culex quinquefasciatus
Vector of wuchereria bancrofti
Which culex species is found in birds?
Culex univittatus
Which culex species is found in farm animals?
Culex theileri
Which mosquito is the zebra mosquito and what is it a vector of?
Aedes aegypti
Vector of yellow fever, Zika, Chukungunya, Dengue
Which aedes species is found in monkeys?
Aedes africanus
What is the life cycle of mosquitoes?
Eggs (2-3d)
Larvae (11d-8w)
Pupae (2-3d)
Adults
Which mosquito eggs can tolerate drought?
Aedes
Which mosquito has no breathing apparatus and how does this affect its larvae?
Anopheles
Lies parallel to water surface
Which mosquito has spots on its wings?
Anopheles Gambian
Which mosquito does not feed on blood and why?
Toxorhyncites
Bent proboscis
Which mosquito rests at 45 degrees?
Anopheles
How are anopheles species differentiated?
Wing variation
How are culicine species differentiated?
Thorax
Which anopheles is indoor resting?
Gambiae
What is tertian malaria?
48h between rigors (falciparum, vivax, ovale)
What is quatern malaria?
72h between rigors (malariae)
What is the difference between odyssean malaria and imported malaria?
Odyssean - no travel history
Imported - travel history
Which form of the malaria parasite forms the apical complex and what does it become?
Merozoite
Parasitophorous vacuole
How does the trophozoite process the Hb?
Accumulates Hb via cytostomes -> transported to acidic food vacuole -> pigment vacuole where it is separated into haem and global -> haem bundles into pigment (haemazoin) and globin used for energy
Differentiate rosetting from clumping
Rosetting - uninfected RBCs bind to infected RBCs
Clumping - binding of infected RBCs with platelets via CD36
What is the cause of death in vivax usually secondary to?
Splenic rupture
What is the cause of death in ovale usually secondary to?
Progressive nephritis
What is the metabolic acidosis in malaria usually caused by?
- Lactate production by parasite
- Reduced lactate clearance (reduced hepatic blood flow)
- Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues
- Marked acute phase response
Resistance to which plasmodium does Duffy group negative provide and why?
Vivax
RBCs lack glycophorin A and silica acid required for RBC invasion
What is PfEMP1?
Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein
Which parasitic ligand establishes knobs?
PfHRP (histadine rich protein)
What are the features of tropical splenomegaly syndrome?
Splenomegaly
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Hypersplenism
What are the features of Blackwater Fever?
Fever
Jaundice
Anemia
Hemoglobinuria
Acute hemolysis
What is Blackwater Fever associated with?
Quinine therapy
Heavy parasitemia
G6PD deficiency
What are the features of Algid malaria?
Vasomotor collapse
Septicemia
Splanchnic involvement
What stage are all malaria diagnostics for?
Blood stage
Which antigen is used in falciparum specific RDTs
HRP2
Which antigen is used in plasmodium non-specific RDTs
Lactate dehydrogenase
Aldolase
