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DTMH > Weeks 4-5 > Flashcards

Weeks 4-5 Flashcards

1
Q

Which mosquito do we not use bed nets for and why?

A

Aedes aegypti - day biting mosquito

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2
Q

Which mosquitoes are vectors for lymphatic filariasis?

A

Anopheles
Aedes
Mansonia
Culex

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3
Q

What is the vector for leishmaniasis?

A

Sandfly

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4
Q

What is the vector for trypanosomiasis and what does it cause?

A

Tsetse fly
African sleeping sickness

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5
Q

Which vector can we trap using blue/black screens?

A

Tsetse fly (trypanosomiasis)

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6
Q

What is the vector for onchocerciasis and what does it cause?

A

Riverine black fly
River blindness

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7
Q

Which environmental factors increase anopheles arabiensis density?

A

Summer
Hot
Rainy

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8
Q

Which mosquito is the common house mosquito and what is it a vector of?

A

Culex quinquefasciatus
Vector of wuchereria bancrofti

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9
Q

Which culex species is found in birds?

A

Culex univittatus

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10
Q

Which culex species is found in farm animals?

A

Culex theileri

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11
Q

Which mosquito is the zebra mosquito and what is it a vector of?

A

Aedes aegypti
Vector of yellow fever, Zika, Chukungunya, Dengue

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12
Q

Which aedes species is found in monkeys?

A

Aedes africanus

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13
Q

What is the life cycle of mosquitoes?

A

Eggs (2-3d)
Larvae (11d-8w)
Pupae (2-3d)
Adults

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14
Q

Which mosquito eggs can tolerate drought?

A

Aedes

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15
Q

Which mosquito has no breathing apparatus and how does this affect its larvae?

A

Anopheles
Lies parallel to water surface

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16
Q

Which mosquito has spots on its wings?

A

Anopheles Gambian

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17
Q

Which mosquito does not feed on blood and why?

A

Toxorhyncites
Bent proboscis

18
Q

Which mosquito rests at 45 degrees?

A

Anopheles

19
Q

How are anopheles species differentiated?

A

Wing variation

20
Q

How are culicine species differentiated?

A

Thorax

21
Q

Which anopheles is indoor resting?

A

Gambiae

22
Q

What is tertian malaria?

A

48h between rigors (falciparum, vivax, ovale)

23
Q

What is quatern malaria?

A

72h between rigors (malariae)

24
Q

What is the difference between odyssean malaria and imported malaria?

A

Odyssean - no travel history
Imported - travel history

25
Q

Which form of the malaria parasite forms the apical complex and what does it become?

A

Merozoite
Parasitophorous vacuole

26
Q

How does the trophozoite process the Hb?

A

Accumulates Hb via cytostomes -> transported to acidic food vacuole -> pigment vacuole where it is separated into haem and global -> haem bundles into pigment (haemazoin) and globin used for energy

27
Q

Differentiate rosetting from clumping

A

Rosetting - uninfected RBCs bind to infected RBCs
Clumping - binding of infected RBCs with platelets via CD36

28
Q

What is the cause of death in vivax usually secondary to?

A

Splenic rupture

29
Q

What is the cause of death in ovale usually secondary to?

A

Progressive nephritis

30
Q

What is the metabolic acidosis in malaria usually caused by?

A
  1. Lactate production by parasite
  2. Reduced lactate clearance (reduced hepatic blood flow)
  3. Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues
  4. Marked acute phase response
31
Q

Resistance to which plasmodium does Duffy group negative provide and why?

A

Vivax
RBCs lack glycophorin A and silica acid required for RBC invasion

32
Q

What is PfEMP1?

A

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein

33
Q

Which parasitic ligand establishes knobs?

A

PfHRP (histadine rich protein)

34
Q

What are the features of tropical splenomegaly syndrome?

A

Splenomegaly
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Hypersplenism

35
Q

What are the features of Blackwater Fever?

A

Fever
Jaundice
Anemia
Hemoglobinuria
Acute hemolysis

36
Q

What is Blackwater Fever associated with?

A

Quinine therapy
Heavy parasitemia
G6PD deficiency

37
Q

What are the features of Algid malaria?

A

Vasomotor collapse
Septicemia
Splanchnic involvement

38
Q

What stage are all malaria diagnostics for?

A

Blood stage

39
Q

Which antigen is used in falciparum specific RDTs

A

HRP2

40
Q

Which antigen is used in plasmodium non-specific RDTs

A

Lactate dehydrogenase
Aldolase

DTMH (5 decks)

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