weeks 3 & 4 Flashcards
Skills that can be learned using a switch (4)
Cause/effect
turn taking
concept building
scanning skills
Hierarchy of switch placement
6
- hand
- head
- mouth
- other UE location
- foot
- other LE location
what not to illicit when placing a switch
Does not….
- increase muscle tone,
- cause fatigue,
- elicit abnormal reflexes,
- cause repetitive stress injuries.
Steps to teach scanning (3)
- select signaling response
- learn to use signaling response with more items
- learning to use with larger array of items
scanning formats:
Vertical or horizontal arrangement of arrays?
Linear scanning
scanning formats:
items one at a time in a circular motion
Rotary scanning
scanning formats:
Increases number of items being scanned
Group item scanning
scanning formats:
Each row is highlighted
In row column scanning
Scanning techniques:
– scan items continuously at an establ. Rate. This rate or flow can be increased or decreased
Automatic scanning
Scanning techniques:
this type of scanning requires the user to activate the switch through each time. The user MUST be able to exert a sufficient amount of effort to use this technique. They also MUST NOT be susceptible to quickly fatiguing.
Step scanning
Scanning techniques:
– hold down the switch and release it when the item chosen is highlighted. Need good motor control because they may be holding the switch down for some time.
Inverse scanning
good for individuals who may have difficulty writing because of fatigue, or minimally impaired motor control. Typically has full alphanumerical array with letters, symbols, numbers, and special keys (delete, shift etc.)
Standard key board
keyboard layout with the most frequently used keys are on the home row. This limits fatigue.
Dvorak
Key board additions :
(for poor fine motor skills)
(Protects against spillage)
(For poor vision)
- Key guard
- Moisture guard
- color code the keys, or use tactile cues.
Used on a traditional keyboard to give the keys new meaning
name a few brands
Alternative keyboards
Intellikeys, Overlay Maker, Intellipics
Common switches
Big Red, Jelly Bean, Power Link, Squeeze, Sip & Puff, Movement switch
when should a second switch be introduced
Only after the first switch has been mastered
Null switch
used when introducing 2nd switch. it does nothing at first but is just placed in the child’s visual field.
- The design of the switch
- How a person uses/activates the switch
- The physical capabilities of the individual
- The position of the individual
- How versatile the switch is
- The position of the switch
- The desired function of the device
Characteristics that must be considered in switch selection
- Size of the switch
- Access
- The # of activation sites
- Wireless capabilities
Considerations for switch selection
Involves a vis. Display presented in a sequential manner
The switch is activated when the scanning procedure highlights the choice or choices selected
• SCANNING FORMATS
an OTA needs to be trained in scanning T/F
TRUE
- Alternative keyboard devices. Used for those with difficulty with motor skills.
- Used a lot on game machines (Nintendo, WC)
Joystick
Joysticks are often not recommended for who?
people with cognitive disabilities
• Consist of a stationary platform with a movable ball. Some allow the user “mouse like actions” such as drag and click. Used often to alleviate wrist pain due to excess typing
Trackballs
with specialized software, allows access to standard keyboard or mouse use. It will decrease the use of clicking on a mouse. also an alternative for those using a head pointer or blinking to access a key board
Dwell Click
provide the use of all the previous mentioned devices to gain access to a keyboard. Interface devices can make communication boards accessible by a switch. Allows a human being to interact with a computer, a telephone system, or other electronic information system.
Interface devices
• Placed on the computer monitor and allows direct selection by touching the screen.
Touch screens
• Used as an alternative to the mouse and keyboard due to limited functional movement of the arms and/or hands
Pointers & electronic eye gaze
Most common mode of telecommunications?
TTY (text telephone)
required by law in all states. This consists of the operator at a relay center reading the typed message from the sender to the person who is receiving the phone call. Message goes from written to voice form via the operator.
TRS Telecommunication relay service
enables individuals to use their voice to comm. And still have access to the TTY to receive the printed message.
VCO - Voice Carry Over
mandated all states provide public access services or relay services for individuals who are deaf or HOH or SLP difficulties.
ADA 1990 (american’s with disabilities act)
(replaces the cochlea of the ear) – electronic microprocessor
Cochlear implant (NOT AT)
(frequency modulated transmission device) assist with students with hearing impairments.
Auditory trainer
abbreviation expansion used with a word processor,
Note takers
note taking tool used for those with vis. Impairments. Voice output is also part of it
•The Braille n Speak
2 kinds of switches
Mechanical, electrical
Professional association associated with assisted tech?
RESNA
