Weekly Review 8 - Early Franco

Question 1

When did Franco move away from the German and Italian model of governing?

Answer 1

1941, the turning point in WW1

Question 2

What was Franco called?

Answer 2

Caudillo (leader)

Question 3

When did Martial Law last until?

Answer 3

1948

Question 4

How many people escaped Spain before the war ended and where did they go?

Answer 4

30,000
France, Latin America, Mexico

Question 5

When was the Law of Political Responsibilities?

Answer 5

February 1939

Question 6

What was the Law of Political Responsibilities?

Answer 6

criminalised all radical political activities

Question 7

When was the Law of Political Responsibilities backdated to?

Answer 7

1934

Question 8

How much was spent on law and order in the mid-1940s?

Answer 8

half of the state budget

Question 9

How were people tried under the Law of Political Responsibilities?

Answer 9

military court

Question 10

What were punishments for breaking the Law of Political Responsibilities?

Answer 10

execution, imprisonment, exile, house arrest

Question 11

How many people were convicted of breaking the Law of Political Responsibilities by 1945?

Answer 11

500,000

Question 12

What did the allies do in 1944 in WW2?

Answer 12

Did not invade Spain - stopped at the Pyrenees

Question 13

When was the Law for the Repression of Banditry?

Answer 13

1947

Question 14

What was the Law for the Repression of Banditry?

Answer 14

gave government wide powers to deal with insurgency with harsh penalties

Question 15

Who were the Maquisards?

Answer 15

Spanish fighters opposing fascism/Franco, mainly based in France

Question 16

What happened to the Maquisards?

Answer 16

defeated by effective Somaten and Civil Guard by late 1940s

Question 17

When were the Somaten created?

Answer 17

1947

Question 18

What were the Somaten?

Answer 18

100,000 armed men, protect ‘new state’

Question 19

What happened to the number of Civil Guardsmen 1936-1941?

Answer 19

increased by 20%

Question 20

When was the special tribunal for the Repression of Freemasonry and Communism established?

Answer 20

March 1940

Question 21

What was the special tribunal for the Repression of Freemasonry and Communism?

Answer 21

purged teachers, journalists, artists

Question 22

When were concentration camps established?

Answer 22

1937

Question 23

How many people had passed through concentration camps by 1940?

Answer 23

approximately 500,000

Question 24

What was the code for classified prisoners being dead?

Answer 24

unrecoverable

Question 25

What were Spanish prisons like in 1933 vs 1940?

Answer 25

1933: 12,000 prisoners 1940: 280,000 prisoners in 500 prisons

Question 26

How many Republican prisoners were sent to labour battalions/military workshops?

Answer 26

90,000

Question 27

How many labour battalions were there?

Answer 27

121

Question 28

How many military workshops were there?

Answer 28

8000

Question 29

What did some political prisoners do 1940-1962?

Answer 29

10,000 prisoners worked on building the Guadalquivir Canal

Question 30

What was overcrowding in prisons like?

Answer 30

270,000 prisoners in 20,000 capacity jails

Question 31

When were the last executions by garrotting?

Answer 31

female - 1955 male - 1974

Question 32

When and why was there a general pardon for civil war crimes?

Answer 32

1945 keeping prisoners was too expensive

Question 33

When were National Identity Documents introduced for former prisoners?

Answer 33

March 1944

Question 34

When were Identity Cards compulsory for all Spaniards?

Answer 34

1951

Question 35

When was the Press Law?

Answer 35

1938

Question 36

What was the Press Law?

Answer 36

strict censorship eg. Casino Royale (James Bond novel) banned

Question 37

What happened to newspaper circulation 1945-1967?

Answer 37

increased 500,000 to 2,500,000

Question 38

Who was Serrano Suner?

Answer 38

Franco's brother-in-law Falange member Minister of the Interior Foreign minister

Question 39

Who was Pena Boeuf?

Answer 39

Falange member Minister of public works

Question 40

Which military personnel involved in the civil war were given government positions?

Answer 40

Varela - minister of war Yague - minister of air force

Question 41

By 1945 how many ministers were ex-army personnel?

Answer 41

50%

Question 42

What was the salute in support of Franco?

Answer 42

power-fist

Question 43

How many Republicans had fled to France by 1940?

Answer 43

350,000

Question 44

How many people were executed 1939-1943 in a wave of Red repression?

Answer 44

100,000-200,000

Question 45

How many suspected Republicans were killed in Malaga?

Answer 45

20,500 Feb 1937 - Aug 1944

Question 46

When did terror and repression last until?

Answer 46

around 1945

Question 47

What was the state-controlled series of cinema newsreels called?

Answer 47

No-Do

Question 48

When were government propaganda films before feature films at the cinema introduced?

Answer 48

1942

Question 49

When was homosexuality made illegal?

Answer 49

1954

Question 50

What was signed between the Government and the Vatican?

Answer 50

Concordat in 1953

Question 51

When was the Law of Primary Education?

Answer 51

1945

Question 52

Who was the ultra-Catholic minister for Education 1939-1951?

Answer 52

Ibanez Martin

Question 53

How many members of the Seccion Femenina were there by the end of the war?

Answer 53

almost 600,000

Question 54

When was the 1870 Criminal code re-established?

Answer 54

1938

Question 55

What did the 1870 Criminal code re-established mean?

Answer 55

women with extra-marital affairs liable for criminal prosecution