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Spain History Weekly Review > Weekly Review 8 - Early Franco > Flashcards

Weekly Review 8 - Early Franco Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Franco move away from the German and Italian model of governing?

A

1941, the turning point in WW1

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2
Q

What was Franco called?

A

Caudillo (leader)

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3
Q

When did Martial Law last until?

A

1948

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4
Q

How many people escaped Spain before the war ended and where did they go?

A

30,000
France, Latin America, Mexico

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5
Q

When was the Law of Political Responsibilities?

A

February 1939

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6
Q

What was the Law of Political Responsibilities?

A

criminalised all radical political activities

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7
Q

When was the Law of Political Responsibilities backdated to?

A

1934

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8
Q

How much was spent on law and order in the mid-1940s?

A

half of the state budget

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9
Q

How were people tried under the Law of Political Responsibilities?

A

military court

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10
Q

What were punishments for breaking the Law of Political Responsibilities?

A

execution, imprisonment, exile, house arrest

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11
Q

How many people were convicted of breaking the Law of Political Responsibilities by 1945?

A

500,000

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12
Q

What did the allies do in 1944 in WW2?

A

Did not invade Spain - stopped at the Pyrenees

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13
Q

When was the Law for the Repression of Banditry?

A

1947

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14
Q

What was the Law for the Repression of Banditry?

A

gave government wide powers to deal with insurgency with harsh penalties

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15
Q

Who were the Maquisards?

A

Spanish fighters opposing fascism/Franco, mainly based in France

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16
Q

What happened to the Maquisards?

A

defeated by effective Somaten and Civil Guard by late 1940s

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17
Q

When were the Somaten created?

A

1947

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18
Q

What were the Somaten?

A

100,000 armed men, protect ‘new state’

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19
Q

What happened to the number of Civil Guardsmen 1936-1941?

A

increased by 20%

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20
Q

When was the special tribunal for the Repression of Freemasonry and Communism established?

A

March 1940

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21
Q

What was the special tribunal for the Repression of Freemasonry and Communism?

A

purged teachers, journalists, artists

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22
Q

When were concentration camps established?

A

1937

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23
Q

How many people had passed through concentration camps by 1940?

A

approximately 500,000

24
Q

What was the code for classified prisoners being dead?

A

unrecoverable

25
Q

What were Spanish prisons like in 1933 vs 1940?

A

1933: 12,000 prisoners
1940: 280,000 prisoners in 500 prisons

26
Q

How many Republican prisoners were sent to labour battalions/military workshops?

A

90,000

27
Q

How many labour battalions were there?

A

121

28
Q

How many military workshops were there?

A

8000

29
Q

What did some political prisoners do 1940-1962?

A

10,000 prisoners worked on building the Guadalquivir Canal

30
Q

What was overcrowding in prisons like?

A

270,000 prisoners in 20,000 capacity jails

31
Q

When were the last executions by garrotting?

A

female - 1955
male - 1974

32
Q

When and why was there a general pardon for civil war crimes?

A

1945
keeping prisoners was too expensive

33
Q

When were National Identity Documents introduced for former prisoners?

A

March 1944

34
Q

When were Identity Cards compulsory for all Spaniards?

A

1951

35
Q

When was the Press Law?

A

1938

36
Q

What was the Press Law?

A

strict censorship
eg. Casino Royale (James Bond novel) banned

37
Q

What happened to newspaper circulation 1945-1967?

A

increased 500,000 to 2,500,000

38
Q

Who was Serrano Suner?

A

Franco’s brother-in-law
Falange member
Minister of the Interior
Foreign minister

39
Q

Who was Pena Boeuf?

A

Falange member
Minister of public works

40
Q

Which military personnel involved in the civil war were given government positions?

A

Varela - minister of war
Yague - minister of air force

41
Q

By 1945 how many ministers were ex-army personnel?

A

50%

42
Q

What was the salute in support of Franco?

A

power-fist

43
Q

How many Republicans had fled to France by 1940?

A

350,000

44
Q

How many people were executed 1939-1943 in a wave of Red repression?

A

100,000-200,000

45
Q

How many suspected Republicans were killed in Malaga?

A

20,500 Feb 1937 - Aug 1944

46
Q

When did terror and repression last until?

A

around 1945

47
Q

What was the state-controlled series of cinema newsreels called?

A

No-Do

48
Q

When were government propaganda films before feature films at the cinema introduced?

A

1942

49
Q

When was homosexuality made illegal?

A

1954

50
Q

What was signed between the Government and the Vatican?

A

Concordat in 1953

51
Q

When was the Law of Primary Education?

A

1945

52
Q

Who was the ultra-Catholic minister for Education 1939-1951?

A

Ibanez Martin

53
Q

How many members of the Seccion Femenina were there by the end of the war?

A

almost 600,000

54
Q

When was the 1870 Criminal code re-established?

A

1938

55
Q

What did the 1870 Criminal code re-established mean?

A

women with extra-marital affairs liable for criminal prosecution

Spain History Weekly Review (10 decks)

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