Week9 Flashcards
How does Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) create virtual lesions?
By using magnetic induction to disrupt neuronal activity under the stimulation site.
What are the two main effects TMS can have on neurons?
Depolarization (induces activity) and hyperpolarization (blocks activity).
How is TMS used to treat depression?
Stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has been shown to reduce symptoms.
What are the merits of TMS?
It is brief, reversible, and allows group studies with high specificity.
What are the limitations of TMS?
Cannot target deep brain structures, minor discomfort, and exclusion for certain conditions like epilepsy.
What are single dissociations?
A patient is impaired on one task but normal on another.
What are double dissociations?
Two complementary single dissociations showing distinct brain region functions.
What are the three main ways to study the lesioned brain?
Patient studies, animal studies, and virtual lesions (TMS).
Why is TMS considered a safe method for brain studies?
It creates reversible effects without causing physical damage.
