Week 6 Flashcards
What is the focus of the session “From the Laboratory to the Real World”?
Translating lab research on vision, eye movements, and reading into real-world applications.
Why is visual processing important?
Back:
Central to understanding human behaviour and tasks.
Key for reading, attention, and learning.
What is the role of the fovea in vision?
Back:
Region with the highest visual acuity.
Eye movements direct the fovea to different parts of the visual field.
What is the prevalence effect in screening tasks?
Rare targets (e.g., weapons) lead to higher error rates.
Example: 46% error rate in low-prevalence conditions compared to 20% in high-prevalence conditions (Wolfe et al., 2007).
How can prevalence effects in screening be reduced?
Retrain with high prevalence trials between low prevalence sequences.
Increases accuracy in rare-target identification tasks.
How are eye movements used in medical diagnosis?
Recordings can identify neurological disorders:
Parkinson’s Disease: Motor deficits.
ADHD & Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: Attention responses.
What are the benefits of using eye movement screening tools?
Objective, automated, cost-effective.
Enables large-scale, early, and precise diagnoses.
Why is literacy important?
Essential for acquiring knowledge, socioeconomic success, and personal development.
What are the benefits of the phonics method for teaching reading?
Teaches the relationship between graphemes (letters) and phonemes (sounds).
Helps children “sound out” and learn new words.
What is orthographic depth?
Shallow orthographies: Consistent spelling-sound mappings (e.g., Finnish).
Deep orthographies: Irregular mappings (e.g., English).
What is the whole-word method of teaching reading
Children read words as wholes.
Encourages guessing from context and reading for meaning.
What role does phonology play in silent reading
Activates during silent reading.
Homophones (e.g., “rows” and “rose”) can confuse category judgments.
What were Rayner et al.’s (2001) conclusions on reading instruction?
Phonics is essential for skilled reading.
Whole-language activities make reading fun and meaningful.
What does research on speed reading show?
Speed readers: Good general comprehension but poor detail recall.
Normal readers: Better detailed comprehension.
What is the main takeaway from “From the Laboratory to the Real World”?
Visual processing research has significant real-world applications in screening, diagnosis, and reading improvement.
