WEEK1 Flashcards
Levels of biological organization (26 cards)
What is Life?
This question cannot be answered definitely, however we can recognize life by what living things do
What some characteristics of living things?
- order
*energy processing
*Growth and Development
*Evolutionary adaptation
*Response to the environment
*regulation
*reproduction
What are the Five Unifying Themes in Biology?
- Organization
- Information - genes as the unit of heredity
- Energy and matter
- Interaction: Interaction between the components that make up a living organism
- Evolution - as the means of species creation and extinction
What are the levels of biological organization?
Atoms–molecules–organelles–cells–tissue–organs and organ systems–organisms–populations–communities–ecosystems–biosphere
What is Reductionism?
An approach of studying complex biological systems by breaking it down into simpler parts
What are emergent properties?
-Individual working parts that come together to form a new purpose or property
-due to the arrangement and interaction of parts within a biological system
what is the difference between structure and function?
Structure is how a particular component is made or put together, function is what that particular component is made to do. the function can be determined by structure and vice versa.
What is a cell?
a cell is the smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life
What is the cell theory and when was it developed?
The cell theory states that all organisms are made up of cells. 1800s
What are prokaryotes?
Single-cell organisms. Archaea and Bacteria
What are Eukaryotes?
Multicellular organisms. All other organisms.
what do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?
- cell-membrane
- DNA
- cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
prokaryotes lack true nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles. smaller in size than eukaryotes
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes contain DNA
What is DNA?
DNA is the form in which genetic material is encoded
What are genes?
Genes are the units of inheritance
How do we get from DNA to proteins?
By transcription and translation.
What is transcription?
When mRNA is transcribed from DNA
What is translation?
When mRNA is translated into proteins
What is Gene Expression?
the process in which the information in DNA directs the formation of proteins that carry out specific functions that dictate the functioning of an organism
What is genomics?
large scale analysis of DNA sequences
what is “high throughput” technology?
tools that can analyze many biological samples very rapidly
What is bio-informatics?
the use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze data that results from high throughput methods
what is an ecosystem
interactions among living organisms and their environment
