Week 3 Biomolecules Flashcards
(23 cards)
what are the 4 main classes of biological molecules
lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids.
What is a polymer?
a long molecule consisting of similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds
What are the building blocks of macromolecules?
Monomers
how are biomolecule put together and broken apart?
Dehydration and hydrolysis
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and disaccharides.
What is the trademark structure of glucose?
Carbonyl group (CO) and multiple hydroxyl groups (OH-)
A sugar is either and Aldose (aldehyde sugar) or a ketose (ketone sugar) depending on what?
Location of the carbonyl group
What are monosaccharide?
Simplest carbohydrates (simple sugar)
What are disaccharides?
double sugars consisting of two monomers joined by covalent bonds through dehydration
Polysaccharides
macromolecules of many sugar building blocks
What is the most common monosaccharide
Glucose
Monosaccharide is classified by?
-the location of the carbonyl group, a sugar is either an aldose or ketose
-the size of the carbon skeleton (number of carbons in the skeleton
The joining of monosaccharides is called
Glycosidic linkage
what is the most prevalent disaccharide?
sucrose (table sugar), made of two monomers glucose and fructose
Lactose (sugar present in milk) is a disaccharide made up of ?
glucose and galactose
What is the difference between the glucose monomers in starch and cellulose?
Starch: 1-4 linkage of alpha glucose monomers. All monomers are in the same orientation
cellulose: 1-4 linkage of beta glucose monomers. every glucose monomer is upside down with respect to its neighbours.
what are the main categories of lipids
fats, phospolipids and steroids
what are fats made up of
glycerol and fatty acids
What is a fat molecule called?
Triaglyceride
3 fatty acid molecules are joined to a glycerol by?
Esther linkage
Where d
