Week Two: Avian Nursing Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are some things you need to think of when choosing a cage for your avian?

A

Size, bar thickness and spacing, separation from feces, perches, toys, location

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2
Q

Birds are the _____ most common small animal pet

A

Third

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3
Q

What are the two types of avians we have as pets?

A

Psittacines and Passeriformes

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4
Q

What are Psittacines? What are Passeriformes?

A

Parrots; Song birds

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5
Q

Approximately ___% of preseting disease problems in birds result from nutrition and husbandry.

A

85%

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6
Q

What should be taken during a history of a bird?

A

Species, gender, age, origin (breeder? rescue? grandma?), environment (what room?), diet, appetite, feces, cage mates, molting cycle, behavior, previous medical history

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7
Q

What are some things you need to consider when hospitalizing a bird?

A

Cages in separate room, visual barriers, disposable perches, cleanliness, temperature control (between 80-90F)

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8
Q

How should birds be transported?

A

Cage, carrier, or plastic animal carrier

Cage should not be cleaned, never unsecured, bring medication, vitamins, and sample of food.

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9
Q

What do you have to think about when tube feeding a bird?

A

Temperature of food, small amounts frequently, weigh bird one or two times per day

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10
Q

What should parrots diets consist of?

A

Primarily pelleted (80% of total diet), fresh dark greens and yellow vegetables (20% of total diet), fruits and seeds as treats

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11
Q

What do Budgerigars, cockatiels, and passerines diets consist of?

A

Up to 50% seed diets

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12
Q

What do Canaries and finches need in their diets?

A

Millet, hemp, sesame, and linseed

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13
Q

What do rare finch species need to eat?

A

Insects and fruit

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14
Q

What do Lories diets look like?

A

Fruits and nectar

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15
Q

Toucans, mynahs, and lories diets should be low in ____

A

Iron

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16
Q

What are some toxic foods for birds?

A

Chocolate, avocados, high salt, sugar, or caffeine, and peanuts

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17
Q

Wing clipping is for flight _____ not _____

A

Restriction not prevention

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18
Q

What do technicians use to trim beaks?

A

File or dremel tool, electrocautery in smaller species

19
Q

When dealing with wound management in birds, you should avoid _____

A

Topical or parenteral steroids

20
Q

What are some bandage techniques we use for birds?

A

Ball or snowshoe bandages for feet and figure-8 bandages for wings

21
Q

How do we anesthetize birds?

A

Isoflurane gas with oxygen used in most cases, we use a mask or induction chamber to induce

22
Q

Where are IM injections best accomplished on birds?

A

Pectoral muscle mass

23
Q

Where is the recommended sight for IV drug treatment in birds?

A

Basilic vein (in the wing)

24
Q

Most caged birds have gram-_____ organisms in their digestive tract?

A

Positive

25
Q

What are cloacal swabs used for?

A

To determine bacterial flora of lower GI tract; useful for cytologic evaluations and looking for inflammatory cells
Used for: culture and sensitivity, Chlamydia psittaci, viral isolation

26
Q

What type of cells are inflammatory cells?

A

White blood cells

27
Q

Where are some venipuncture sites in birds?

A

Right jugular vein (recommended), basilica vein, medial metatarsal vein (not a good choice for large volumes)

28
Q

What are some diagnostic procedures we perform on birds?

A

Laparoscopy, endoscopy, tracheal or air sac washes, biopsies, cytologic examinations, bone marrow aspirates

29
Q

What are some diseases and health concerns in avians?

A

Chlamydophila psittaci, Polyomavirus, West Nile Virus, Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Heavy Metal Toxicosis, Hypocalcemia, Non-Stick Cookware Toxicosis, Egg Binding, Crop Burns

30
Q

How is Chlamydophila psittaci transmissible?

A

Respiratory inhalation

31
Q

Explain Polyomavirus

A

Mortality rate up to 41%, 12-48 hours of clinical symptoms (including depression, anorexia, regurgitation,diarrhea, SQ hemorrhage, dyspnea, polyuria), transmitted through secretions and excretions, no treatment available but SQ vaccine can prevent it

32
Q

What species are susceptible to West Nile Virus?

A

Crows, jays, raptors, horses

33
Q

Explain Aspergillosis

A

Most common agents include Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus
Hypovitaminosis A is suppressed, found in fungal spores from corn cob, wheat, or pine straw bedding
Infection in the trachea
Found in African grey parrots, macaws, and raptors

34
Q

What is Candidiasis caused by and what are some clinical signs?

A

Candida albicans

Regurgiation, white plaques in oral cavity, crop contents have a yeasty smell

35
Q

Explain Heavy Metal Toxicosis

A

Ingestion of lead or zing (fishing weights, bullets, paint, jewelry)
Clinical signs include depression, weakness, regurgitation, and neurologic signs
Treatment includes chelating agent and urination , lactulose

36
Q

Explain Non-Stick Cookware Toxicosis

A

Teflon is not good for birds!
Pulmonary hemorrhage and death can occur
Bird will need fresh air and emergency steroids

37
Q

Explain Egg Binding

A

Related to low calcium

Muscles are unable to move egg out of tract which causes pressure on kidneys

38
Q

Food for birds should be cooler than _____F

A

105F

39
Q

Total blood volume of a bird equals what?

A

Approx. 10% of body weight in grams

40
Q

1,000 g macaw has how much blood?

100 g cockatiel has how much blood?

A

100 mL

10 mL

41
Q

A safe blood draw volume of a bird is ___% of body weight in grams

A

1%

42
Q

It is safe to draw ____mL of blood from a 1,000 g macaw. a 100 g cockatiel?

A

10 mL

1 mL

43
Q

How do we assess dehydration in birds?

A

Vein refill time

Signs include depression, sunken eyes, cool toes