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Exotics > Week Five: Small Mammals (Part 1) > Flashcards

Week Five: Small Mammals (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the type of ferret you should not see in a clinic?

A

Black Footed Ferrets (Mustela nigripes)

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2
Q

Ferrets don’t have ____, so they are more prone to ______ during surgery.

A

Sweat glands; hyperthermia

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3
Q

Reproduction of ferrets:

Females are what type of ovulators?

A

Seasonally polyestrous induced ovulators

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4
Q

Explain a ferrets nutrition requirements/what you should be feeding them

A

Obligate carnivores, dry ferret foods, supplements only for specific health concerns, limit treats

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5
Q

What are zoonotic concerns with ferrets?

A

Influenza is the most common

Potential concerns: leptospirosis, listeriosis, salmonellosis, campylobacteriosis, tuberculosis, rabies

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6
Q

Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis in ferrets

A

AKA Green slime disease or ECE

Highly contagious within ferrets, green diarrhea, dehydration, anorexia, wasting

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7
Q

Tumors in ferrets (include what is the most commonly occurred tumor)

A

Adrenal gland most common
Signs: hair loss, vulvar enlargement in spayed females, prostatic hyperplasia, behavioral change, muscle wasting
Other cancers in ferrets: lymphoma, insulinoma

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8
Q

Myofascitis in ferrets

A

Inflammation of muscles and fascia, affects young animals, signs include pain, fever, reluctance to move, diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, neutrophilic leukocytosis

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9
Q

What are some preventative procedures for ferrets?

A

Distemper and rabies, heartworm prevention

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10
Q

Restraint methods for ferrets

A

Scruffing, controlling head with fingers, light stretch of hind quarters, towel

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11
Q

What is oryctolagus cuniculus?

A

Domestic lagomorphs

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12
Q

Behavior of rabbits

A

Timid, submissive, chew and gnaw, not very playful with humans, naturally urinate and defecate in designated area, may spray to mark territory

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13
Q

Rabbits digestive system

A

Herbivorous with open-rooted teeth, hind gut fermentation, cannot vomit, cecotrophy (night stool),

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14
Q

Most common WBC in rabbits

A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q

Rabbits have _____ instead of ______ (type of cells)

A

heterophils; neutrophils

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16
Q

What can wire cage floors cause in rabbits?

A

Pododermatitis

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17
Q

Nutrition of rabbits

A

Metered pelleted diets, free choice hay, fresh foods in small quantities, drink twice the volume of what they eat

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18
Q

Snuffles of rabbits

A

Bacterial upper respiratory tract disease, typically caused by Pasteurella multocida or Bordetella bronchiseptica and Staphylococcal species
Signs: sneezing, mucopurulent nasal discharge, conjunctivitis
No prevention available, treatment is supportive

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19
Q

GI diseases of rabbits

A

Caused by Coccidia, Rotaviruses and coronaviruses, E. coli, Lawsonia, and Clostridium, high fiber diets can help prevent many issues

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20
Q

Otoacariasis in rabbits

A

Ear mite infestation by Psoroptes cuniculi
Signs: pruritus, head shaking, stress, ears painful to touch
Treatment: environmental cleaning, antiparasitic drugs

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21
Q

Pododermatitis in rabbits

A

Decubital ulcers (bed sores)
Caused by: poor sanitation, environmental moisture, excessive rabbit size, wire bottomed caging
Treatment: Changing cage environment, debriding, treating, bandaging, and re bandaging wounds

22
Q

Blue fur disease of rabbits

A

Moist dermatitis with secondary pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, perineal urine or diarrhea scald (hutch burn), face, neck, and dewlap area (slobbers), Pseudomonas create a blue-green pigment
Treatment: dry the environemtn, clipping fur in lesion areas, treating lesions, offering water from a bottle

23
Q

Malocclusion of the incisors of rabbits

A

Causes: Incomplete or inadequate wearing of teeth, skull shape leading to malocclusion, trauma
Treatment: Tooth trimming

24
Q

Traumatic vertebral subluxation and fracture of rabbits

A

Occurs secondary to struggling against restraint, improper handling, sudden jumping, starling a caged rabbit

25
Q

Zoonotic disease concerns of rabbits

A

Dermatophytosis (ringworm, trichophyton mentagrophytes, microsporum canis), salmonellosis, rabies

26
Q

Restraint of rabbits

A

Grasp scruff with one hand and support the body and hindquarters within the other arm, tuck head into the crook of the elbow
When placing rabbit down: place back legs down first

27
Q

Blood collection and venous catheters of rabbits

A

Sites: ear arteries or veins (auricular artery is large and central- use 22-27 gauge needle/catheter)
Jugular vein, saphenous vein, cephalic vein

28
Q

Sex determination of rabbit

A

Doe will have dewlap, vulva directly below anus, buck will have an ensheathed penis located below the anus

29
Q

Euthanasia of rabbits

A

Barbiturate overdose injected into lateral marginal ear vein

30
Q

What is mus musculus

A

Mouse

31
Q

What is rattus norvegicus

A

Domestic rat

32
Q

Rats have no _____

They do have a ________ gland that produces red staining around eyes during times of stress

A

Gallbladder; Harderian gland

33
Q

What is meriones unguicaulatus

A

Gerbil

34
Q

What is unique about gerbils?

A

Some have seizures

Thymus does not atrophy in adulthood

35
Q

What are the types of hamsters we deal with? Which one is the most aggressive?

A

Golden and Syrian
European
Russian dwarf (most aggressive)

36
Q

What is diastema?

A

Gap between incisors and cheek teeth in hamsters

37
Q

What is a tail slip?

A

Degloving the tail

38
Q

What are harderian glands and where are they located?

A

Located behind both eyes, secrete porphyrin during stress (look like red tears or blood)

39
Q

What would make a good cage for rodents?

A

Escape proof, chew proof, easily cleaned, solid flooring

40
Q

You should remove uneaten food from rodents within…

A

4-6 hours

41
Q

What is acariasis?

A

Mite infestation (myobia, myocoptes, radfordia), spread through exposure, signs: alopecia, dermatitis, rough hair coat, skin lesions, excessive scratching

42
Q

What is barbering?

A

Dominant mice chew on the whiskers and hair of subordinate mice

43
Q

Ring tail in rodents

A

Avascular necrosis of the tail, occurs in mice and rats,
Cause: low humidity
Treatment: amputation before the necrotic area

44
Q

Commonly seen endoparasites in rodents

A

Pinworms, tapeworms

Treatment: antiparasitic medication, full environment clean up

45
Q

Moist dermatitis in rodents

A

Sore nose (accumulation of Harderian gland secretions), wet tail (diarrhea, severe enough to cause death)

46
Q

Zoonotic concerns with rodents

A 
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) (contact with infected tissue, urine or bite wounds.  Headache, fever, muscle aches, malaise, and meningitis)
Staphalococcus, streptococcus, pasturella, kelbsiella, salmonella
47
Q

Restraint for rodents

A

Scoop out of enclosure, tail lift in mice and rates, create grip surface

48
Q

Signs of aggression in rodents

A

Chattering, vocalizing, thumping feet, roll on back to kick and bite

49
Q

What is the most common cause of death related to surgical procedures in rodents?

A

Hypothermia

50
Q

Venous access in rodents

A

Lateral tail vein in mice, rates, gerbils

51
Q

Recommended blood volume limits in rodents

A

Mice: 0.14 mL
Gerbil: 0.3 mL
Hamster: 0.65 mL
Rat: 1.3 mL

52
Q

Euthanasia for rodents

A

Isoflurane overdose in an induction chamber

Exotics (9 decks)

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