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168.263 > Week two > Flashcards

Week two Flashcards

1
Q

What can prolonged stress impair?

A
  • Cardiovascular system
  • All tissue
  • Immune system
  • Brain neurons
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2
Q

What is the definition of resilience?

A

The process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress. It means “bouncing back” from difficult experiences. Being resilient does not mean that a person doesn’t experience difficulty or distress.

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3
Q

What is recovery?

A
  • The extent to which a person with mental health problems regains or attains a meaningful life, with or without symptoms.
  • For health professionals it’s about successful treatment or rehabilitation but for service users, it’s about survival and emancipation
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4
Q

What is depression?

A

The person experiences enduring symptoms and the distress becomes long term or keeps returning

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5
Q

What is primary depression?

A

Problems associated with mood are the central issue

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6
Q

What is secondary depression?

A

Emotional problems associated with other neurological or brain disorders e.g.. Huntington’s disease

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7
Q

How to diagnose clinical depression (DSMV)?

A

1) Depressed mood most of the day, nearly everyday
2) Diminished interest or pressure (anhedonia) in almost all of the activities of the day, nearly every day
Along with at least four of the following:
- Significant weight loss & decreased appetite
- Insomnia or hypersomnia, nearly every day
- Psychomotor agitation (restlessness) or retardation (drop in activity) nearly every day
- Fatigue or loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
- Diminished ability to think, concentrate or make decisions
- Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideas, attempt or plan for committing suicide.

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8
Q

What is fear?

A
  • A normal physiological and behavioural response to threat
  • The term anxiety is usually described as ‘irrational fear’, but the person’s experience is still one of fear
  • Fear and sadness are often experienced together.
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9
Q

What is anxiety?

A
  • Cognitive disturbances such as poor concentration; irritability; a sense of impending doom or disconnection
  • Autonomic arousal such as sweating; dry mouth & palpitations
  • Muscle tension
  • Hyperventilation
  • Sleep disturbance
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10
Q

What are relief behaviours?

A
  • Acting out: impulsive behaviour, shouting, self harming, placing emotion onto another
  • Somatizing: physical manifestations of anxiety into a condition
  • Withdrawal: removing oneself from situations perceived to be threatening
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11
Q

What are acts of aggression to self?

A
  • Self-harm

- Suicide

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12
Q

What is self-harm?

A
  • Within clinical services, self harm refers to self-injury that is neither life-threatening nor accidental
  • Typically linked to tension release in order to feel better about being alive, rather than to suicide
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13
Q

What is suicide?

A
  • People experiencing depression often consider suicide
  • People experiencing distress expect nurses to ask about suicide
  • It is important to find out what are the positives in their life, and build on these
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14
Q

How do nurses focus on people strengths?

A
  • What are the coping and defence mechanisms that keep people alive
  • How are these coping mechanisms working or not
  • Discussion enables a person to think in terms of regaining control or their situation
  • It validates the person’s abilities and solutions
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15
Q

What are protective factors?

A
  • Optimistic attitude of individual
  • Good current mental health
  • Responsibility for children or meaningful role
  • Strong supports interpreted by client
  • Supportive Whanau
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16
Q

What are various mood disorders?

A
  • Bipolar affective disorder (Manic Depression)
  • Mania
  • Phobias
  • Obsessive Compulsive disorder
  • Panic disorder
17
Q

What are key questions in the assessment process?

A
  • What is the person’s concern or problem?
  • To what extent does it distress the person?
  • To what extent does it interfere and in what way, with everyday living?
  • To what extent is the person able to exercise any kind of control over the situation?
18
Q

What are key interpersonal skills?

A
  • Active listening
  • Clarifying
  • Paraphrasing
  • Checking perceptions
  • Using silence
19
Q

What is active listening?

A

Requires you to offer your undivided attention to another person. To do this you must ignore your personal concerns at the time. Listening involves absorbing an overall picture of what the speaker is saying and recognising the feelings that are expressed directly or indirectly. Active listening means you control your urge to interrupt.

20
Q

What is clarifying?

A

Clarifying what the other person has said involves asking questions to determine the gist of the message or facts the person is trying to convey.

21
Q

What is paraphrasing?

A

Paraphrasing is restating key points made by the person. You should do this in your own words, but ensure that what you say is clear and recognisably close enough to the meaning that has been conveyed.

22
Q

What is checking perceptions?

A

This involves asking whether an assumption you have made, or a conclusion you have drawn, fits with the other person’s view.

23
Q

What is using silence?

A
  • Involves staying with the silence and the person, and not filling the space because of your own anxiety
  • Staying with silence allows the speaker to feel attended to
  • Silence gives the person the chance to sort out their words and gives you time to think about what you are doing, too.
24
Q

What are key interventions?

A
  • Supportive talking therapy

- Antidepressants

25
Q

What is supportive talking therapy?

A
  • Exploring problem
  • Exploring attempted solutions
  • Exploring visions of improvement
  • Make an intervention
  • Suggest specific activity to help
26
Q

What are antidepressants?

A
  • Used to treat biological symptoms: sleep, appetite, emotional range
  • Interact with the neurotransmitters noradrenaline and serotonin
  • Tablet form
  • Readily accessible
  • Can prevent the person’s ability to ‘work’ on issues due to the nature of how they are intended to work.
27
Q

What are the forms of antidepressants?

A

Older and newer

28
Q

What are examples of older antidepressants?

A
  • Tricyclics: Clomipramine, Nortriptyline, Doxepin, Amitriptyline.
  • Monoamine oxidase Inhibitors: Parnate, Nardil
29
Q

What are examples of newer antidepressants?

A
  • Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI): Fluoxetine, Paroxetine, Citalopram
  • Others: Effexor, Serzone
30
Q

What are the intended therapeutic effects of antidepressants?

A
  • Sedation (help re-establish sleep patterns)
  • Appetitive increase
  • Dampens emotional range
31
Q

What are the potential side effects of anti-depressants?

A
  • Anticholinergic Sedation
  • Loss of libido
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Weight gain
  • Increased suicide risk (when energy and motivation recovered)
32
Q

What are key treatment interventions?

A
  • Visualisation
  • Affirmation
  • Body position and breathing state
  • Anchoring yourself in the desired state using stimulus associated with it
  • Anxiolytics
33
Q

What are anxiolytics?

A
  • Use to treat symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, depression, agitation, trauma, alcohol withdrawal
  • Often referred to as Benzodiazepines
  • The mostly widely prescribed of all drugs in this area
  • Likely to cause physical and emotional dependence
34
Q

What are the therapeutic effects of anxiolytics?

A
  • Bind to GABA receptor
  • Patients report “feeling relaxed”, ‘chilled out’, “less uptight’, “sleepy”, “less anxious”.
  • Work quickly
35
Q

What are the side effects of anxiolytics?

A
  • Decreased response times
  • Sedation
  • Tolerance
  • Impaired memory
36
Q

What is clinical recovery?

A

Enjoying life and having a sense of wellbeing, with or without symptoms of mental illness

168.263 (6 decks)

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