Week four Flashcards
What are the principles of a therapeutic relationship?
- Open communication
- Working with the person’s priorities
- Awareness of a contextual experience
- Respect and privacy
- Purposeful and professional
What is relational awareness?
- Linked to self-esteem and self-awareness
- To set up boundaries and work alongside a person experiencing distress we need to understand ourselves and our own responses in order to convey empathy and engage a person.
What is emotional labour?
Recognising and handling emotions at a personal level supports the capability to undertake and manage emotional aspects of nursing work-related issues
What is emotional competence?
The ability to become self aware, have regard for ourselves and work on aspects of our personal coping and emotional reactions so that we become more aware of how we operate with others
What are the stages of change?
1) Pre-contemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Determination
4) Action
5) Maintenance
What is the Moral Model?
Views addiction as a sin or a moral weakness
What is the Psychodynamic Model?
Asserts childhood traumas are associated with how we cope or do not cope as adults
What is the Disease Model?
Argues that the origins of addiction lie in the individual him/herself
What is the Social Learning Model?
Suggests that dependence behaviours are learned, exist on a continuum and consist of a number of behavioural and cognitive (thought) processes
What is the Public Health Model
Drug use seen as the interaction between the drug, the individual and the environment
What is the Socio-cultural Model?
Argues that substance abuse should be examined in a wider social context and can be linked to inequality
Why are drugs addictive?
- Drugs of abuse such as alcohol, amphetamine, cocaine act as primary reinforcers
- This operates directly through dopaminergic systems in the mesolimbic region
- Some people find this hard to resist
What does the therapeutic intervention of pre-contemplation mean?
Raise doubt. Increase the client’s perception of risks and problems with current behaviour
What does the therapeutic intervention of contemplation mean?
Tip the balance. Evoke reasons for change and risks of not changing. Strengthen the client’s self-efficiency for change of current behaviour
What does the therapeutic intervention of determination mean?
Help client to determine the best course of action to take in seeking change
What does the therapeutic intervention of action mean?
Help the client to take steps forward
What does the therapeutic intervention of maintenance mean?
Help the client to identify and use strategies to prevent relapse
What does the therapeutic intervention of relapse mean?
Help the client to renew the processes of contemplation, preparation and action, without becoming ‘stuck’ or demoralised because of the relapse
What are brief interventions?
- Establish rapport through empathy
- Focus on raising the issue (i.e. drug misuse)
- Build commitment
- Agree goal
- Use self-monitoring and reinforcing feedback
What are motivational interventions?
- Opening strategy: Ask about lifestyle, stresses and problem behaviour
- A typical day
- The good things and the less good things about the current drug use
- Current concerns
What are risk factors?
- Psychiatric disorders
- Situational/adjustment, conduct, personality
- Socio-economic - changes and pressure
- Whanau/family instability
- Abuse and neglect
- Exposure to suicidal behaviour
- Sexual orientation and identity crisis
- Problematic behaviour
How do you formulate risk for self harm?
- Background - demographics, culture, history of violence
- Current situation - stressors, previous coping
- Risk factors - identification of sources of information, prioritisation
How do you formulate risk for suicide?
- Plan
- Means
- Method
- Motivation
- Lethality
What are protective factors?
- Optimistic attitude
- Good current mental health
- Responsibility for children or meaningful role
- Strong supports interpreted by client
- Supportive Whanau
