Week Two

Question 1

What is the ultimate source of energy for all life on earth?

Answer 1

The sun

Question 2

What is the pneumonic device to remember the movement of electrons?

Answer 2

OIL (Oxidation is loss of electrons)
RIG (Reduction is gain of electrons)

Question 3

What is thermodynamics?

Answer 3

The study of transformations and transfer of energy?

Question 4

How do you calculate the change in energy?

Answer 4

Final state - initial state = Change in energy

Question 5

How do you know if a reaction is spontaneous or not?

Answer 5

If the change in free energy is negative, the reaction is spontaneous and vise versa

Question 6

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 6

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 7

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 7

Total entropy of the system must increase over time

Question 8

What is the free energy equation?

Answer 8

G = H - tS

Question 9

What is Enthalpy?

Answer 9

It is the heat of a reaction at a constant pressure

Question 10

What is entropy?

Answer 10

It is the disorder or randomness of a system

Question 11

What does G stand for in the free energy equation?

Answer 11

It is the change in free energy (indicated the likelihood of a reaction not the speed)

Question 12

What do different amounts of G mean?

Answer 12

G = 0 (equilibrium)
G > 0 (nonspontaneous endergonic) (energy absorbing)
G < 0 (spontaneous exergonic) (energy releasing)

Question 13

What is electronegativity?

Answer 13

It is the measure of an atoms attraction for shared electrons in a chemical bond

Question 14

What is a key feature of polar bonds?

Answer 14

The electrons are shared unequally between atoms due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms

Question 15

What is a dipole moment?

Answer 15

It’s a measure of polarity of a chemical bond, its points to the center of electronegativity

Question 16

What is the van der Waals radius?

Answer 16

It’s the distance between the nucleus of an atom and its effective electronic surface

Question 17

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 17

They are bonds held together by (+) and (-)

Question 18

What are the three types of van der waals forces?

Answer 18

Dipole-dipole > Dipole-induced dipole > induced dipole-induced dipole

Question 19

What are London dispersion forces?

Answer 19

Attraction between transient induced dipoles

Question 20

What are the different classifications of protic acids and what do they do?

Answer 20

Monophonic acids release 1 H+ ion
Diprotic acids release 2 H+ ions
Polyprotic acids release 3+ H+ ions

Question 21

What is titration?

Answer 21

Adding base to acid until it it exactly neutralized

Question 22

What are peptides?

Answer 22

Molecules formed by linking two or more amino acids by amide bonds

Question 23

What is a polypeptide chain?

Answer 23

It’s the “backbone of a protein” formed by linking amino acids by peptide bonds