Week Two Flashcards
What is the ultimate source of energy for all life on earth?
The sun
What is the pneumonic device to remember the movement of electrons?
OIL (Oxidation is loss of electrons)
RIG (Reduction is gain of electrons)
What is thermodynamics?
The study of transformations and transfer of energy?
How do you calculate the change in energy?
Final state - initial state = Change in energy
How do you know if a reaction is spontaneous or not?
If the change in free energy is negative, the reaction is spontaneous and vise versa
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Total entropy of the system must increase over time
What is the free energy equation?
G = H - tS
What is Enthalpy?
It is the heat of a reaction at a constant pressure
What is entropy?
It is the disorder or randomness of a system
What does G stand for in the free energy equation?
It is the change in free energy (indicated the likelihood of a reaction not the speed)
What do different amounts of G mean?
G = 0 (equilibrium)
G > 0 (nonspontaneous endergonic) (energy absorbing)
G < 0 (spontaneous exergonic) (energy releasing)
What is electronegativity?
It is the measure of an atoms attraction for shared electrons in a chemical bond
What is a key feature of polar bonds?
The electrons are shared unequally between atoms due to the difference in electronegativity of atoms
What is a dipole moment?
It’s a measure of polarity of a chemical bond, its points to the center of electronegativity
What is the van der Waals radius?
It’s the distance between the nucleus of an atom and its effective electronic surface
What are ionic bonds?
They are bonds held together by (+) and (-)
What are the three types of van der waals forces?
Dipole-dipole > Dipole-induced dipole > induced dipole-induced dipole
What are London dispersion forces?
Attraction between transient induced dipoles
What are the different classifications of protic acids and what do they do?
Monophonic acids release 1 H+ ion
Diprotic acids release 2 H+ ions
Polyprotic acids release 3+ H+ ions
What is titration?
Adding base to acid until it it exactly neutralized
What are peptides?
Molecules formed by linking two or more amino acids by amide bonds
What is a polypeptide chain?
It’s the “backbone of a protein” formed by linking amino acids by peptide bonds
