Week Two Flashcards
What is the pulse range for an adult?
50-95bpm
How long do you assess a pulse?
How long to assess? → 1 minute if it is irregular but typically count for 30 seconds and multiply by 2
Which radial pulse should you assess on a patient?
It is preferred to take the left radial pulse (just because the left is preferred does not mean you cannot use the right)
How should the patient be positioned when assessing a patients pulse?
Make sure the patient’s arm is at heart level!
What are some factors that affect the pulse?
Anxiety vs. relaxation
Pain (increase pulse rate if patient is experiencing acute pain)
Exercise
Fever/warm environment can increase but low temperature can decrease pulse
Medications can increase or decrease
Medical emergencies
Lung conditions
Gender
Age (babies have higher pulse rates)
Stimulants increase pulse rates
What can cause alterations in HR and pulse?
Mastectomy
IV site
Amputation
Do they have a fistula?
“Have you had recent surgery?”
What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle?
1) Diastole is the relaxation phase of the ventricles when they fill with blood
2) Systole is the contraction of the ventricles when they empty of blood
What are the 4 characteristics of pulse?
1) Rate (50-95bpm)
2) Rhythm (regular or irregular)
3) Amplitude/Strength (Strong, thready, bounding, weak)
4) Equality (the assessment of the pulses bilaterally)
How to describe the amplitude/strength of a pulse?
0 = not palpable or absent
1+ = Diminished weak, and barely palpable, easy to obliterate (thready)
2+ = Normal, obliterate with slight pressure (average)
3 + = Bounding, obliterate with firm pressure, or unable to obliterate (caffeine, energy drinks etc., cause a bounding pulse)
Who typically has a slow HR?
Many factors influence what a clients usual resting pulse is… for example athletes often have slow but very effective and strong pulses because their hearts are conditioned, pulse rates also vary across the lifespan
What is the normal range for BP?
135/85
What does BP refer to?
To the pressure exerted on the arterial walls by the force of the heart’s contractions
The level of this pressure varies in response to the different phases of the cardiac cycle and psychological influences on BP regulation
What are the 5 ways that BP is determined?
1) Cardiac Output
2) Peripheral Resistance
3) Blood Volume
4) Viscosity
5) Elasticity
What does cardiac output indicate?
will let us know if the heart is healthy or impaired
What does peripheral resistance indicate?
if there are lung issues then heart has pump harder, does our patient have any obstructions that is making the heart pump harder? Ex., edema
What affects blood volume?
ex., dehydration affects this and makes BP low
What is viscosity?
how thick is this person’s blood? Usually another underlying medical condition