Week Four Flashcards
What is anosomnia?
Loss of smell (effects on olfactory nerve)
What is ptosis?
Drooping of the eyelid is called ptosis. Ptosis may result from damage to the nerve that controls the muscles of the eyelid, problems with the muscle strength (as in myasthenia gravis), or from swelling of the lid.
What is strabismus?
Also known as hypertropia and crossed eyes — is misalignment of the eyes, causing one eye to deviate inward (esotropia) toward the nose, or outward (exotropia), while the other eye remains focused.
What is atrophy?
(of body tissue or an organ) waste away, especially as a result of the degeneration of cells, or become vestigial during evolution.
What is hypertrophy?
the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells
What is paresis?
a condition of muscular weakness caused by nerve damage or disease; partial paralysis.
What is plegia?
paralysis
What is flaccidity?
A type of paralysis in which a muscle becomes soft and yields to passive stretching, which results from loss of all or practically all peripheral motor nerves that innervated the muscle
What is hypoalgesia?
is diminished pain in response to stimulation that typically produces pain.
What is hyperalgesia?
a symptom that causes unusually severe pain in situations where feeling pain is normal, but the pain is much more severe than it should be.
What is hypoaesthesia?
an abnormal sensory response in which sensation is reduced in one or more body parts in response to a stimulus such as touch, vibration or cold temperature. Partial numbness occurs where and when an individual would expect to feel touch, vibration or change in temperature.
What is hyperaesthesia?
a neurological condition that causes a person extreme sensitivity to touch, pain, pressure, and thermal sensations
What is a screening neurological examination?
Healthy patient with no significant history of a neurological issue
What is a complete neurological examination?
If the patient has answered “yes” to questions and shows signs of neurological issues
What is a neurological recheck examination?
If the client is having/showing deficits or a difference in their status… looking for either a positive change or a negative change
Testing the Cranial Nerves:
Olfactory Nerve (I)
1) Client closes their eyes and has to smell the scents put under their nose (cinnamon or vanilla)
2) Client occludes each nare individually by plugging each nostril individually and breathing in and out to check the patency
Testing the Cranial Nerves:
Optic Nerves (II)
Snellen Chart
Testing the Cranial Nerves:
Occulomotor (III), Trochlear (IV) and Abducens Nerves (VI)
1) Ask patient to open eyes and close them and assess for uniform opening and symmetry (any drooping?) this is known as palpebral fissure
2) Testing the 4 visual quadrants by getting the patient to follow your pen without moving their head but moving their eyes while you move the pen to the 4 visual quadrants. Watch to see how their eyes move.
3) Assess patients pupillary reaction and size
Testing the Cranial Nerves:
Trigeminal Nerve (V) motor or sensory
1) Get patient to grit their teeth and close their mouth and then as the nurse attempt to pull their chin/jaw open (it should remain closed)
2) Place fingers on jaw bones and ask patient to open and close mouth – you might feel crepitus while they do this
Testing the Cranial Nerves:
Facial Nerve (VII) motor and sensory
1) Sensory: Test sensation in 3 Zones with a cotton swab and get patient to close their eyes
- Forehead
- Midzone (both cheeks)
- Chin
2) Motor: Get patient to raise eyebrows and look for symmetry in forehead creases, smile and look for symmetry, or puff cheeks out to assess for even muscle tone on either side of facde
Testing the Cranial Nerves:
Acoustic Nerve (VIII)
1) Whisper test
2) Tuning Fork –>
Conduct the Rinne Test
- Air conduction: place the tuning fork prongs perpendicular on the ear
-Bone Conduction: Place the base of the tuning fork perpendicular above the ear on the bone to see if they can feel the vibrations
Webers test:
- Place the base of the tuning fork on the top of the patients head and ask if they can hear the sound equally bilaterally in both ears
Testing the Cranial Nerves:
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX) and Vagus Nerve (X)
1) Ask patient if they have a sensitive gag reflex
2) Then take a tongue depressor and get the patient to open their mouth, place the tongue depressor on their tongue and get them to say “Ahhhh”
Assess for:
- The uvula moving upwards
- The tonsils moving to the side
Testing the Cranial Nerves:
Spinal Accessory Nerves (XI)
1) Place hand on patient cheek and get them to try to move their head against the resistance of your hand towards midline
Testing the Cranial Nerves:
Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
1) Get patient to stick tongue out to assess
2) Then with the tongue back in their mouth, get the patient to state these three words to assess their speech
–> “Light, tight, dynamite”
