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NSG 1610 Lab > Week One > Flashcards

Week One Flashcards

1
Q

Define Axillary Temperature

A

The temperature measurement obtained from the skin the axilla (armpit) that is somewhat protected from the ambient air

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2
Q

Define Brachial Pulse

A

The pulse of the brachial artery that can be palpated in the antecubital fossa (inside the elbow). It is commonly used for assessing blood pressure and also for assessing the peripheral pulse in infants

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3
Q

Define Bradycardia

A

Heart rate below 50 beats per minute in an adult

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4
Q

Define Bradypnea

A

Respiratory rates less than 12 breaths per minute (slow breathing)

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5
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

A bluish colour of the skin and mucous membranes that may occur when there is a large amount of deoxygenated HGB in the blood

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6
Q

What is diaphoresis?

A

Excessive perspiration or sweating

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7
Q

What is Diastolic Pressure?

A

Represents the lowest pressure (or the continuous pressure that is circulating in the system) present in the arteries that occurs during the brief rest period called diastole

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8
Q

What is Systolic Pressure?

A

Refers to the arterial pressure during the phase of heart contraction or systole

Following the contraction of the ventricles, a wave of blood passes through the arteries, and the pressure during systole effectively represents the highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls

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9
Q

What is dysrhythmia?

A

An irregular rhythm that can further be described as being regularly irregular or irregularly irregular

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10
Q

What is Eupnea?

A

Normal respiration rate

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11
Q

What is Dyspnea?

A

Difficulty breathing

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12
Q

What is Apnea?

A

Breathing temporarily stops and then starts up again

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13
Q

What does oxygen saturation represent?

A

represents a percentage of HGB binding sites that are occupied by oxygen. Th result is expressed as a percentage (%)

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14
Q

Define peripheral pulse

A

A pulse palpated at a peripheral site (ex. Radial pulse)

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15
Q

What is a pulse pressure?

A

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure or change in blood pressure when the heart contracts

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16
Q

What is radial pulse?

A

The pulse of a radial artery that can be palpated at the wrist over the radius. It is the site most often used for assessing pulse rate because it is relatively easy to find and palpate

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17
Q

What is syncope?

A

Temporary loss of consciousness, generally related to insufficient oxygen to the brain

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18
Q

Define tachycardia

A

Heart rate exceeding 95 beats/minute in an adult

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19
Q

Define ventilation

A

The mechanical process of the lungs which brings oxygen into and expels carbon dioxide from the body…Included inhalation and exhalation

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20
Q

Define Hypoventilation

A

Breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the needs of the body. If a person hypoventilates, the body’s carbon dioxide level rises. This causes a buildup of acid and too little oxygen in the blood.

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21
Q

What is tachypnea?

A

Breathing rate above 20 breaths/minute (fast breathing)

22
Q

What do alterations in body temperature indicate?

A

The presence of infection, an inflammatory response, deteriorating client status, or thermoregulatory disorders

23
Q

What is optimal core body temperature?

A

37.0 degrees celsius

24
Q

What part of the body is responsible for regulating body temperature?(thermoregulation)

A

The Hypothalamus

25
Q

How does your body regulate temperature when it is too warm?

A

Heat loss is promoted through increasing capillary blood flow through vasodilation, which causes flushing and ultimately brings blood closer to the surface of the body to dissipate heat

Heat loss is also promoting through sweating

radiation, perspiration, convection (losing heat through air currents), conduction (place a cold cloth on forehead)

26
Q

How does your body regulate temperature when it is too cold?

A

The hypothalamus triggers heat production and conservation. The metabolic rate of the body cells increases heat production.

When you are very cold, your blood vessels constrict (become narrow) to keep blood flow away from the skin so that your body can conserve energy, keeping blood closer to the warm core of your body and away from the cold of the environment

Shivering

27
Q

What is the main way your body produces heat?

A

through metabolism (through nutrition and eating), exercise (wait 30 minutes after these before checking a temperature otherwise it will be elevated)

28
Q

What are things that cause alterations and differences in temperature regulation?

A

Age

Exercise

Hormones (Ovulation)

Circadian Rhythm

29
Q

What is the circadian rhythm also called?

A

Diurnal Rhythm

30
Q

What times of the day is the body’s temperature changing in regard to the circadian rhythm?

A

affects temperature between 2AM and 4AM and the highest between 6PM to 10PM

As part of the circadian rhythm, body temperature generally rises and falls in a daily cycle, reaching its lowest values in the morning and its highest values in the afternoon and evening.

31
Q

Why does age affect temperature regulation?

A

Older people have less ability to conserve and generate heat owing to reduced muscle mass and decreased ability to shiver

Older people may have less ability to feel cold owing to degeneration of nerves. They also may be more sensitive to environmental temperature fluctuations

Babies and young children do not shiver and tend to be sensitive to environmental temperature fluctuations

32
Q

What is the normal tympanic temperature?

A

average 36.5 degrees celsius (35.8-38.0 degrees celsius)

33
Q

What is the normal temporal temperature?

A

average 37.0 degrees celsius (36.5-37.5 degrees celsius)

34
Q

What method is the best to determine an individuals core temperature?

A

rectal temperature

35
Q

What is hyperthermia?

A

core temperature greatly above 40.0 degrees celsius

36
Q

What is hypothermia?

A

core temperature of 35 degrees or lower

37
Q

What does the term febrile mean?

A

38.0 degrees celsius

38
Q

What does Afebrile mean?

A

35.8 degrees celsius

39
Q

How do you perform a tympanic temperature on a patient?

A

Hand hygiene

Explain the procedure and what you are doing, ask them how they like to be addressed and what you are going to

Touch the top of the ear and pull it up and back to take a tympanic temperature and make sure there is a different probe between each patient

40
Q

What is a normal respiration rate?

A

12-20 breaths/minute

41
Q

What is a full respiratory cycle?

A

Inspiration and Expiration are counted as a full cycle

42
Q

What is the normal range for oxygen saturation?

A

SPO2 = 95-100%

43
Q

What is SPO2?

A

the arterial saturation from the peripheries

44
Q

How do you assess ventilation on a patient?

A

Involves watching the chest rise and fall and counting each cycle as one breath

Count the breaths for 30- 60 seconds (**Count for 30 seconds unless it is abnormal then count for 1 full minute)

45
Q

What are the 4 components of assessing ventilation?

A

1) Rate (12-20)

2) Rhythm (inspiration & expiration are nice and even)

3) Depth (use of accessory muscles, change in posture, shoulders moving)

4) Pattern

46
Q

What is the purpose of breathing?

A

to bring oxygen into and to remove carbon dioxide from the body

47
Q

What does a change in respiratory status indicate?

A

A change in respiratory rate and depth can occur in response to changing demands of the body, a respiratory problem, or a problem in another body system

In fact… respiratory rate is considered to be a strong predictor of adverse events, particularly in the presence of other signs of deteriorating physiological function

48
Q

What are the 4 components of Respiration?

A

1) Ventilation

2) Pulmonary gas exchange

3) Gas Transport

4) Peripheral gas exchange

49
Q

How is breathing controlled?

A

Involuntary and Voluntary (breathing should be a passive process)

50
Q

What drives the respiratory system?

A

Levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

When the levels of carbon dioxide in arterial blood rises, it stimulates the respiratory center to increase the rate and depth of breathing (faster and deeper) which then expels carbon dioxide

51
Q

What are some factors that influence respiration?

A

Age
Gender
Exercise (affects rate & depth)
Alterations in the CNS (affecting the medulla & the pons)
Anemia
Medications
Body position
Lung Conditions
Obesity
Circulatory problems
Smoking
Hgb levels

52
Q

What are some things to consider when assessing a patients SPO2?

A

Need to know normal values and patients baseline

Look at patients history

Make sure that the skin is intact and that the finger is clean of any nail polish

Make sure that your environment is not affecting their vital signs (Reflect the environment that we’re in calm environment vs. chaotic environment)

Communication of results to the patient and to the instructor, primary nurse, doctor etc.

Teaching

NSG 1610 Lab (4 decks)

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