Week Twelve Flashcards
What is functional stuttering?
Subcategory of a general functional movement disorder
No presence of clear organic aetiology
Develops in response to an emotional response or trauma (but not always a trauma, sometimes just an increase in stress).
True/False: Functional stuttering occurs more frequently in women
False, it occurs equally between men and women
What is the average age of onset of functional stuttering?
45 years old
True/false: Functional stuttering can develop in response to to neurological disease
True
What are some characteristics of functional stuttering?
- Features may resemble those of developmental or acquired stuttering
- Predominantly sound repetitions
- Often severe secondary behaviours
- Often an atypical speech and struggle behaviours present (e.g., stuttering on the end of words)
Why are the chances of recovery higher for those who have functional stuttering?
There is no lesion in the brain
What is factitious stuttering?
A type of acquired stuttering that occurs when a person intentionally feigns stuttering symptoms without the presence of any obvious secondary or external gain
Considered symptomatic of an underlying psychopathology
What is malingered stuttering?
- Occurs when a person intentionally feigns stuttering to achieve external (often monetary) gain
True/false: People who clutter often don’t think they have a problem
True
What is an assessment tool that can be used to diagnose cluttering?
Cluttering Assessment Tool (CLASP)
Predictive Cluttering Inventory (PCI)
What is the diagnostic criteria for cluttering?
Segments of conversation are perceived as too fast overall, too irregular or both
AND one or more of:
- excessive ‘normal’ disfluencies
- excessive collapsing or deletion of syllables
- Abnormal pauses, syllable stress or speech rhythm
How do you treat cluttering?
Awareness
- Many people who clutter are not aware of their symptoms
- Need to help them self-monitor their speech and identify when they are cluttering
- Use of recording devices or contrasting exercises
Rate regulation
- Teaching where and when natural pauses may occur in conversations
Normal disfluencies and Over co-articulation
- Increase clarity of speech through emphasis of sounds, syllables and/or words
Self-regulation
- Help the person who clutters to recognize when they are cluttering in everyday situations
- Will help the person to recognise these moments and make adjustments in everyday life
- simulated cluttering will help the person to identify how it feels to clutter
Emotions/reactions to cluttering
- ACT
- CBT
- If cluttering co-occurs with stuttering, it may be necessary to incorporate that into treatment, e.g, person clutters to avoid stutter = work on lessening stuttering avoidance
True/false: people who clutter do not have objectively unnaturally fast speech.
True, objectively their rate can be within normal limits. However, perceptually they speak too quickly.
True/false: people must clutter all the time to be diagnosed
False, cluttering does not need to occur all the time, or even most of the time
How do you chose which cluttering symptom to focus on in treatment first?
- Chose the most predominant symptom first.
- Often time treating one aspect will improve another. For example, treating rapid/irregular speech rate through pausing may also improve over-coarticulation and excessive number of normal disfluencies (interjections). Known as “synergistic approach”.
