Week Eleven

Question 1

What diseases may neurogenic stuttering occur after?

Answer 1

• Stroke
• TBI
• Neurodegenerative diseases
• Other conditions affecting brain function: epilepsy, brain tumour, drug use

Stroke is the most prevalent

Question 2

What stutter like disfluencies may people with NS have?

Answer 2

• Repetitions
• Blocks
• Pronlongations

Question 3

What is the prevalence of NS?

Answer 3

Not a lot of research, but Catherine’s study found that 27% of SLT’s in a Belgium hospital had NS on their case loads.

Question 4

What is the prevalence of NS in people with Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 4

Previous studies found a range of 4-57%

Question 5

In people with Parkinson’s and NS, what are some influencing factors relating to outcomes on the CPIB?

Answer 5

• Cognitive and motor functioning
• Frequency of stuttered disfluencies
• Speech severity

Question 6

Are secondary behaviours present in NS?

Answer 6

Yes, but there is high variability and behaviours are not predicted by emotions/attitudes or time post-onset.

This indicates that NS secondary behaviours are intrinsic to stuttering and do not develop as a reaction over time.

Question 7

Lesion to which brain areas is associated with NS?

Answer 7

• Almost every part of the brain
• Bilaterally in the areas of:
  : white matter of the internal capsule, external capsule and low frontal lobe
  : Grey matter of the caudate and lentiform nuclei

Question 8

What are some possible treatment approaches for NS?

Answer 8

• Stuttering Modification
• Fluency shaping
• Cognitive therapy
• Pacing
• Relaxation techniques
• Respiration training
• Focus on emotions and behaviours (avoidance)

Question 9

What is the most frequent co-ocurring communication disorder to NS?

Answer 9

Aphaisa

Question 10

Which brain network is significantly associated with NS?

Answer 10

Lesions in the left hemispheric cortico-basal ganglia-cortical network

Question 11

True/False: there are behavioral and neural similarities between NS and developmental stuttering?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

In how many patients will NS persist following stroke?

Answer 12

at least half

Question 13

What is neurogenic stuttering?

Answer 13

Acquired neurogenic stuttering is characterised by the onset of stuttered disfluencies following a neurological event or disease.

Question 14

True/false: Neurogenic stuttering cannot occur in children

Answer 14

False, NS can occur in children

Question 15

Which areas need to be assessed with someone with suspected NS?

Answer 15

• Case history
• Cognitive assessment
• Speech and language assessment
  : aphasia, dysarthria, apraxia
• Speech fluency assessment
• Trial of intervention
• Summary of findings
• treatment recommendations