Week One Material Flashcards
What to do if there is a fall unwitnessed and witnessed?
- Unwitnessed falls: what to do? stay with them, call for help and don’t touch them until they are assessed and okay to get up
- witnessed: If they start to fall, act quickly and supportively. Lower pt. down, get help. Be proactive with fall prevention. Document the incident (can be time consuming)
What to do for Burn
OTA must contact skilled personnel if skin is charred, missing, or blistered
•First-degree burns can initially be treated by the OTA with basic first-aid procedures
- Rinse/soak in cold water; apply sterile dressing
- No use of creams ointments, or butter, tomatoes, etc
- Incident report will be required
What to do when client is bleeding
•DON PPE
- Attempt to control bleeding
- Prevent contamination of the wound
- Place clean towel or sterile dressing over would
- Apply pressure
•Can use gloved hand if no towel is available
- Elevate
- Cleanse w/ antiseptic or water (minor bleeding)
•Encourage client to avoid using the extremity
Skin tear considerations and prevention
- DM
- Blood thinners
- Infection
Prevention:
- Elbow pad
- Stockinette
- Educate patient and caregivers/family
Insulin Glucose reaction
If low :
- Provide the patient sugar in some form (usually juice or crackers in rehab settings)
Always
- Hold therapy and notify medical staff (RN and/or MD)
Acidosis/ Ketoacidosis:
what is it?
what to do?
- Decrease in insulin, body cannot use sugar, fat is being used as fuel
- Life-threatening and requires urgent medical care;
- No form of sugar should be given
What to do if client is having a seizure?
Get help but stay with the patients.
Nothing in pt.s mouth.
Clear area and make pt. feel safe.
Wait until seizure is done while timing it and think about where and how it started
Orthostatic/Postural Hypotension what to do?
- Monitor vitals in patients with:
- cardiac conditions, neuro conditions, deconditioning, medical fragility, etc
Return patient to starting position, tap their toes.
Be prepared it happens often
- Return to sit or supine,
- If supine lower head of bed, elevate feet
- Retake BP
- Gradual tolerance of upright
- Use of tilt table in some setting if ongoing intolerance
types of hospital beds:
Precautions:
Considerations:
- Manual and/ or electrically operated bed, Air-fluidized Support Beds
- Patient and therapist body mechanics
- Side rails may be considered a restraint
- Attention to IV lines or other tubing
Think about how the bed works, alarms on beds when working with patient, bed locks.
what is Fowlers position?
can be used to:
Be aware of:
- when you bend knees a bit and put head up.
- can use it to prevent sliding down.
- Need to be aware of hip precautions or orthostatic injuries/ conditions
Pressure sores
what are they?
Where do they typically occur?
whats a way to prevent them?
Skin breakdown due to sustained pressure over a concentrated area
Sacral, ITs, elbow, heels, back of head
raise feet off bed with pillow or soft heel protector boots, encourage turning patient and weight shift to releive pressure, use specialized cusions for sitting.
IV vs. PICC
Intravenous Line= one insertion and one port
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter = one insertion with multiple ports
What is it?
what does it treat?
What does it do?
Considerations?
- Treats blood clots
- Helps with blood flow, like a blood pressure cuff for the legs. Pushes blood out, then releases so blood fills back down. On a machine
- When working with clients make sure your mindful of the long cords. Important to remove before you move the patient.
What is it?
What does it do?
How is it useful for therapy?
Electrocardio gram
ECD, EKG
- monitors heart rate.
- Can document during
therapy what the
changes are for the
patient to help the heath care team
What is this?
Holter Monitor
type of EKG
intracranial pressure monitor (ICP)
- probe that gets stuck through the brain.
- Monitors pressure in the brain.
- Usually OT is not working with these patients
Nasogastric tube (NG tube)
- nostril to stomach
- avoid neck flexion
Gastric tube (G tube) goes directly in stomach
J Tube goes directly in jejunum
PEG
- the tube must not be disturbed or removed
Intravenous feeding (IV), total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
deliver nutrients into the subclavian vein
- disrupted connection could be life-threatening
- Make sure not twisted
Feeding devices may be administered as…
- As a bolus
- Intermittently per MD orders
- Continuous
- Kangaroo pack if available
OTA must work around the patient’s feeding schedule
Foley
Indwelling catheter for both males and females
External Female Catheter
Catheter leg bag
texas condom/ external catheter for males
Tracheostomy
Balloon that inflates and blocks air way. valve is placed below balloon that then becomes the one-way air flow. There is also a small tube-when tube is inflated balloon is inflated, when it is flat and deflated the balloon is inflated. IMPORTANT to know because if providing CPR you need to be aware of how balloon works
Passy Muir/Speaking Valve
Trach cap
Trach collar
O2 tank.
- When working with the client make sure you know what number their on before you walk in and check that it matches. If it doesn’t check with nurse immediately.
BiPAP vs CPAP
BiPAP:
- Continuous pressure
- Pressures are different between inhalation and exhalation (ie, 12/8 cm/H20)
- Not commonly used in the field or at home due to the complexity of delivery/devices
- Needs monitoring of delivered pressures
- Expensive
CPAP
- Continuous pressure
- Same pressure during exhalation and inhalation
- Used in the field and out at home
- Less complicated deviced for delivery
- Needs little monitoring
- Set it and its good
- Cheaper
- Used with snoring and stuff
Ventilator
- Used when normal respiration is decreased
- OTA must avoid disturbing or bending tubing or disconnecting a tube from the endotracheal tube
- Patient can participate in activity while monitored for signs of respiratory distress
- Client may have difficulty talking: consider this & ask simple questions
