Week One B Flashcards
What do interest rates do as a mechanism (3)
Link the present to the future
Tell the future reward for lending today
Tell the cost of borrowing now and repaying later
What is future value
the value on some future date of an investment made today.
What is future value equation
FV =PV +PV ×(i)=PV ×(1+i)
The higher the interest rate or the higher the amount invested the higher the future value
What is the equation of future value with compound interest
FV = PV × (1 + i)^n
What is present value
The value today of a payment that is promised to be made in the future
What is the present value equation
PV = FV/ (1+i)^n
When is present value higher
- The higher future value of payment, FV
- the shorter time until payment, n
- the lower the interest rate, i
Doubling the future value of the payment, without changing the time of the payment or the interest rate, doubles the present value.
How are high interest rates and present value connected
Higher interest rates are associated with lower present values no matter the size or timing of the payment
What is a bond
- A bond is a promise to make a series of payments on specific future dates.
- Bonds create obligations, and are therefore thought of as legal contracts that:
Require the borrower to make payments to the lender, and
specify what happens if the borrower fails to do so.
How much should you be willing to pay for a bond?
The price of a bond depends on the bond characteristics.
What is a zero coupon bond
single future payment.
What is a fixed payment loans
Sequence of fixed payments
What are coupon bonds
periodic interest payments + principal repayment at maturity.
What are consol or perpetuity bonds
like coupon bonds whose payments last forever
What is a zero coupon bond
- They represent a pro use to pay a certain amount on a fixed future date
- there price is less than their face value as they sell at discount
- the price is the present value
Price of one year zero coupon bond
Face value / (1+i)
What is the price of s six month zero coupon bond
Face value /(1+)^1/2