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Functional Kinesiology > Week One > Flashcards

Week One Flashcards

Basic Information and Joints

1
Q

What is kinematics?

A

Kinematics describes the MOTION of a body without regard to the forces or torques

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2
Q

What is kinetics?

A

Kinetics describes the EFFECT of forces and torques on the body

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3
Q

What are arthrokinematic motions?

A

Arthrokinematic motions are movements between the joint surfaces

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4
Q

What are osteokinematic motions?

A

Osteokinematic motions are movements of limbs through space about a joint

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5
Q

What is the structure that connects muscle to bone called?

A

Tendons

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6
Q

What is the structure that connects bone to bone?

A

Ligaments

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7
Q

What are the two types of kinetic chains?

A

Closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain

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8
Q

What is a closed kinetic chain?

A

Distal segment is fixed, proximal segment free to move

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9
Q

What is an open kinetic chain?

A

Distal segment free to move, proximal segment fixed

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10
Q

Is raising your arm while not holding anything an open or closed kinetic chain?

A

This is an open kinetic chain

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11
Q

What are the 3 planes in our body?

A

Sagittal, frontal, and horizontal/transverse

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12
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A

Divides us equally between left and right, line is straight down the middle

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13
Q

What is the frontal plane?

A

Divides between anterior and posterior (think front and back)

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14
Q

What is the horizontal/transverse plane?

A

Divides between upper and lower, superior and inferior

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15
Q

What is it called when a plane divides the body into equal halves through the center of gravity?

A

Cardinal plane

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16
Q

What are the 3 axes?

A

Sagittal, frontal, and vertical axis

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17
Q

Where does the sagittal axis pass through a joint?

A

Sagittal axis passes through the joint anterior to posterior

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18
Q

What is the plane for the sagittal axis?

A

Frontal plane

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19
Q

Where does the frontal axis pass through a joint?

A

Medial to lateral, think of it going through from left to right

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20
Q

What is the plane for the frontal axis?

A

Front axis goes with the sagittal plane

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21
Q

Where does the vertical axis pass through a joint?

A

The vertical axis passes through the joint superior to inferior

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22
Q

What are the motions in the sagittal plane? What axis are they on?

A

Flexion/extension
Frontal axis

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23
Q

What are the motions in the frontal plane? What axis are they one?

A

Abduction/adduction
Side flexion
Inversion/eversion
Sagittal axis

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24
Q

What are the motions in the transverse plane?

A

Internal/external rotation
Horizontal flexion/extension
Supination/pronation
Vertical axis

25
Q

What are degrees of freedom?

A

Refers to the number of planes within which a joint can move

26
Q

What is it called when motion can only happen about one axis? Give an example.

A

Uniaxal joint, finger or elbow

27
Q

What is it called when motion can only happen about 2 axis? Give an example

A

Biaxal joint, saddle joint, metacarpophalangeal

28
Q

What is it called when motion can happen about 3 planes? Give an example

A

Triaxial or multiaxial
Ball and socket joints, like the hip and shoulder

29
Q

What is it called when motion can only happen linear, not angular? Give an example

A

Nonaxial
Intercarpal

30
Q

What is ROM measured by?

A

Goniometer

31
Q

What point is anatomical position when measuring ROM?

A

Anatomical position is the zero point

32
Q

What is end feel?

A

Sensation perceived when passively moving a patient’s joint to the end of its ROM

33
Q

What is expected when at end of normal ROM?

A

Normal end feel

34
Q

What is abnormal end feel?

A

When end of ROM is not normal, could be due to swelling, muscle guarding, or changes in anatomy

35
Q

True or false: Everyone has their own end feel

A

True!

36
Q

What is a soft end feel?

A

A soft end feel is when the compression of soft tissue halts motion

37
Q

What is it called when the muscle in my bicep prevents me from bending my arm closer?

A

Soft end feel

38
Q

What is a hard end feel?

A

Hard end feel is when the bone won’t “give,” think how the elbow stops when you extend it

39
Q

What is firm end feel?

A

Firm end feel is tension in structures that limit motion, like trying to touch your toes but you just can’t get any further

40
Q

What is empty end feel?

A

Abrupt halt to motion by patient usually due to pain

41
Q

What is boggy end feel?

A

Soft or spongy end feel, usually caused by swelling

42
Q

What is muscle spasm?

A

Reflexive guarding or abnormal muscle tone, acute injury

43
Q

What is springy block?

A

Internal derangement of a joint, torn cartilage

44
Q

What are two main functions of joints?

A

Allow motion and provide stability

45
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Freely mobile joints that are characterized by the presence of a joint cavity

46
Q

What do ligaments do?

A

Hold the 2 bones together

47
Q

What does the capsule do in a joint?

A

Surrounds and encases the joint. Outer layer is fibrous and supports/protects joint

48
Q

What is the synovial membrane of a joint?

A

The inner layer of the capsule made of thick, vascular connective tissue.
Secretes synovial fluid

49
Q

What are the functions of synovial fluid?

A

To lubricate to reduce friction between the bones and it’s a major source of nutrition for cartilage. Also shock absorption

50
Q

What is the bursa in a joint?

A

Small fluid filled pillow like sacks located here many joints like shoulders, knees, and hips

51
Q

What is disclocation?

A

Complete separation of joint surfaces

52
Q

What is subluxation?

A

Partial dislocation

53
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Wear and tear arthritis

54
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Tears of ligaments

55
Q

What is a strain?

A

Overstretching of muscles

56
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A

Plane, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket

57
Q

True or false: Ligaments are nonelastic

A

True

58
Q

What is the difference between active and passive motion?

A

Active motion is the muscles doing the motion, passive motion is something else moving it for you

Functional Kinesiology (6 decks)

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