Week Nine - Surveys & Questionnaires Flashcards
The two main overarching types of surveys? Define them.
Ad hoc: Single purpose
Omnibus: Multi-purpose (topics must be compatible)
Examples of Self-completed surveys
Postal
Internet
Examples of Administered Interview surveys
Telephone
Face to Face
Limitations of Self-completed and Administered Interview surveys? (4)
Bias of self-report:
- Memory
- Knowledge
- Social desirability
Poor quality information
Sample bias
- Low response rate
Interviewer bias
Strengths of Self-completed and Administered Interview surveys? (5)
Low cost
Confidential
Standardised
Generate large amounts of data
Amenable to multivariate analysis
Describe the questionnaire development and design procedure. 5 main points.
Conduct preliminary work
- Consult with experts in the field
- Conduct qualitative studies
Determine:
- Hypotheses/Research questions
- Appropriate theoretical framework
- Variables to be studied
Compile research questions
- Comprehensive (define terms)
- Short
- Unambiguous
- Not ‘leading’
- Not negative
- Appropriate (filter questions)
Pilot draft questionnaire
Revise questionnaire
The 5 types of ‘responding’.
Multiple choice
Numeric Open End
How much money did you spend on groceries this week?
Text Open End
How can our company improve its working conditions
Likert Scale
Visual Analogue Scales
- Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)
Numeric open end example
How much money did you spend on groceries this week?
Text open end example
How can our company improve its working conditions?
What is a population in regards to sampling?
All possible cases
What is a sample?
A subset of a population
- Derived from the population
- A microcosm of the population
- Important characteristics distributed similarly to the population
Two important factors to take into consideration when sampling?
Sample Size: Large enough so there is power to draw conclusions or uphold the null hypothesis
Sample Representativeness: Conclusions can be generalised to the population
What is Probability sampling? What are the 2 types discussed in the lecture?
Probability sampling is defined as a sampling technique in which the researcher chooses samples from a larger population using a method based on the theory of probability.
Random: All members of a population have equal chance of being selected.
- Systematic: Every ‘nth’ person
- Cluster: A naturally occurring unit including a range of characteristics (schools, hospitals, retail outlets etc).
Stratified Random Sampling: Divide population into subgroups from each of which a random sample is drawn.
2 types of NON-probability discussed in the lecture?
Convenience: Enlist as people appear
Snowball: Respondents nominate others to take part
The type of REPRESENTATIVE sampling discussed in the lecture?
Quota Sampling: Enlist a given number within a category
eg. make proportion in each age group same as or similar to that of the general population
Prone to selection bias
