week four | qualitative and quantitative

Question 1

describes trends or explains relationships among variables

Answer 1

quantitative research

Question 2

hypothesis verification

Answer 2

goal of quantitative research

Question 3

focus on a class of events and attempts to specify the conditions that seem common to those events

Answer 3

nomothetic explanation

Question 4

experimental, correlational, and survey

Answer 4

quantitative research designs

Question 5

technique in which information is gathered from respondents. measures what people say and not what people do

Answer 5

survey research

Question 6

study over time, observes trends in the same population

Answer 6

longitudinal

Question 7

study at one point in time, studies current attitudes and trends

Answer 7

cross-sectional

Question 8

fixed set of alternatives that are all possible, relevant options determined in advance, ease of data handling

Answer 8

closed-ended

Question 9

respondents develop their own responses, thus response options are not predictable, complex data handling

Answer 9

open-ended

Question 10

two basic forms of a survey

Answer 10

a questionnaire and an interview

Question 11

the basic objects on which the experiment is done (when these are human, they are called subjects)

Answer 11

units

Question 12

measure characteristic of a unit that is capable of taking on more than one value

Answer 12

variable

Question 13

variable whose changes are being measured

Answer 13

dependent

Question 14

variable that is being manipulated, also called a factor

Answer 14

independent

Question 15

influences on the dependent variable from a source other than the independent variable

Answer 15

extraneous variables

Question 16

helps to control for extraneous variables, assignment of subjects to experimental or control conditions is equally likely by change

Answer 16

random assignment

Question 17

systematically selecting homogenous sample from a heterogenous population and randomly assigning sample to experimental or control conditions

Answer 17

holding variables constant

Question 18

experimental group members are paired with similar control group members for data analysis

Answer 18

matching participants

Question 19

combination of matching and randomization, subjects are first matched on one or more key variables in order to form homogenous groupings. members of each block are then randomly assigned to the experimental or control conditions.

Answer 19

blocking variables

Question 20

any specific condition applied to the units

Answer 20

treatment

Question 21

both subjects and those who evaluate the outcome are ignorant of which treatment was given

Answer 21

double-blind technique

Question 22

whether the independent variable actually produces the effect that it appears to have had on the dependent variable, controlling for extraneous variables

Answer 22

internal validity

Question 23

refers to the capacity to generalize casual inferences to other times, settings, or groups of people

Answer 23

external validity

Question 24

subjects are observed after treatment was delivered, randomization or control groups are not used

Answer 24

pre-experimental designs

Question 25

use randomization and control groups

Answer 25

true experimental designs

Question 26

use procedures, other than randomization, to create experimental and control groups. used when conditions do not allow for the use of true experimental design

Answer 26

quasi experimental designs

Question 27

comes in the form of words, pictures, narratives and descriptions rather than numbers, relies on views of participants and asks general questions

Answer 27

qualitative research

Question 28

researchers in qualitative research take this approach

Answer 28

subjective and biased approach

Question 29

type of qualitative research, involves observations made of people in their natural settings and everyday life

Answer 29

field research

Question 30

researcher personally experiences the world of the observed

Answer 30

participation

Question 31

noting and recording the behaviors of others in social setting

Answer 31

observations

Question 32

detailed descriptive study of all or part of a life in an organizational event

Answer 32

case studies, life histories and narratives

Question 33

interview with a whole group of people at the same time, led by one or more moderators who direct the discussion by following an outline of the main topics

Answer 33

focus groups

Question 34

more flexible, less expensive, faster than individual interviews

Answer 34

advantages of focus group

Question 35

less generalized, difficult to analyze, qualitative rather than quantitative

Answer 35

disadvantages of focus group