Week Four: Nutrition, Osmosis, and Enzyme

Question 1

Macronutrients→Subunits→Use in cells

Answer 1

Carbs→Simple sugars→Energy storage & cell-surface molecule

Proteins→Amino Acids→Enzymes & structural proteins

Fats→Fatty acids & glycerol→ Phospholipids for membranes

Nucleic acids→Nucleotides→DNA/RNA for storing and transmitting genetic instructions

Question 2

Catabolic reactions

Answer 2

Any chemical reaction that breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules

Question 3

Anabolic reaction

Answer 3

Any chemical reaction that combines simple molecules to build more complex molecules

Question 4

Enzyme

Answer 4

A protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 5

Catalysis

Answer 5

The process of speeding up the rate of a chemical reaction (enzyme)

Question 6

Substrates

Answer 6

A molecule to which an enzyme binds and on which the enzyme acts

Question 7

Active Site

Answer 7

The part of an enzyme that binds to a substrate.

Question 8

Activation Energy

Answer 8

The energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed. Enzymes accelerate reactions by reducing their activation energy

Question 9

Micronutrients

Answer 9

Nutrients, including vitamins and minerals, that organisms must ingest in small amounts to maintain health

Question 10

Cofactors

Answer 10

An inorganic substance, such as a metal ion, required to activate an enzyme