Week 9 Transportation

Question 1

How did Van Houten, Nau and Marini reduce speeding? What was there first
finding?

Answer 1

1. By posting the percentage of drivers not speeding on a highway sign along
   with the best record. Using information, feedback and incentives.
2. They found that weekly feedback was as effective as daily feedback

Question 2

2. In the Van Houten and Nau study comparing the feedback sign with police
   enforcement, which treatment was more effective

Answer 2

Public posting was four times as cost effective than the police enforcement

Question 3

What were the results of the Reagan et. al. 2012 study?

Answer 3

That incentives of $20 per week that could be earned for not speeding were
effective in reducing speeding.

Question 4

What is traffic calming?

Answer 4

Traffic calming refers to changes in road design that reduces speeding.

Question 5

List some examples of traffic calming designs.

Answer 5

1. Speed Bumps, Humps & Tables.
2. Roundabouts Circles
3. Chicanes, Bends or Deviations
4. Neckdowns, Chokers, Curb Extension
5. Narrow Roads or Lanes
6. Raised Intersections, Changes in Road Texture.

Question 6

What percentage of vehicles on the road are occupied by only one person?

Answer 6

About 75%

Question 7

How can we reduce the amount of fuel used?

Answer 7

ü Car Pooling
ü Preferential Lanes
ü Bicycle, Walk or Transit
ü Electric Vehicles
ü Ride Sharing Aps

Question 8

What was the effect of the Jacob et. al. carpooling study?

Answer 8

Preferential parking and redeemable coupons increased carpooling and
preferential parking alone was just as effective as preferential parking and
coupons.

Question 9

What was the effect of the Jacob et. al. carpooling study?

Answer 9

Preferential parking and redeemable coupons increased carpooling and
preferential parking alone was just as effective as preferential parking and
coupons.

Question 10

10. What effect does High Occupancy Lanes have on carpooling?

Answer 10

They significantly increase carpooling.

Question 11

11. What are two ways to increase the purchase of electric vehicles?

Answer 11

Provide cash incentives for purchase
Allow electric vehicles to use HOV lanes with only one occupant

Question 12

12. Mandated changes to fleet fuel efficiency and increasing the tax on gasoline are
    two ways to reduce fuel use. What are some equity issues?

Answer 12

Increasing the fuel price effects the poor more than others while changes if fleet
fuel efficiency does not adversely influence the poor.

Question 13

What were the five major findings of the Van Houten and Nau 1983 analysis of feedback signs?

Answer 13

1. Using a lenient criteria for speeding which allowed posting high numbers produced a larger reduction in speeding than using stringent criteria
2. That effects of the sign persisted for at least 6km on a freeway.
3. The effects of the sign produced larger long term effects than a parked police car and the police car produced an overreaction effect.
4. The effects of the feedback sign produced the same effect as the air patrol speed enforcement condition and that the combination of the sign and air patrol produced an even larger effect.
5. That the warning program produced a larger effect than giving citations and that the feedback sign plus the warning program produced even larger effects.