Week 9 Terms

Question 1

Post-hoc argument

Answer 1

-Fallacy is latin for “after which therefore because of which,” meaning that it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier –One may loosely summarize this fallacy by saying that correlation does not imply causation

Question 2

Rhetorical situation

Answer 2

Relationship between topic, author, audience and other contexts (social, cultural, political) that determine or evoke an appropriate spoken or written response

Question 3

Rhetorical question

Answer 3

Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer

Question 4

Rhetorical analysis

Answer 4

Examination of how well the components of an argument work together to persuade or move an audience

Question 5

Rhetoric

Answer 5

• Aristotle defined rhetoric as the “faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion”
• In other words, it is the art of finding ways of persuading an audience through language

Question 6

Repetition

Answer 6

Duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern

Question 7

Refutation

Answer 7

Denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, a refutation often follows a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. One of the stages in classical oration, usually following the confirmation, or proof, and preceding the conclusion

Question 8

Precedents

Answer 8

Actions or decisions in the past that have established a pattern or model for subsequent actions

Question 9

Propaganda

Answer 9

Argument advancing a point of view without regard to reason, fairness or truth

Question 10

Prose

Answer 10

One of the major divisions of genre, prose refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms
-In prose the printer determines the length of the line; in poetry, the poet determines the length of the line

Question 11

Protagonist

Answer 11

Character that the reader is meant to be concerned with

Question 12

Pun

Answer 12

Play on words that are either identical in sound or similar in sound, but are sharply different in meaning

Question 13

Purpose

Answer 13

Goal the speaker wants to achieve

Question 14

Prolepsis

Answer 14

Anticipation and answering of possible objections

Question 15

Premise

Answer 15

Statement or position regarded as true and upon which other claims are based

Question 16

Prior knowledge

Answer 16

Knowledge that stems from previous experience

Question 17

Qualifier

Answer 17

Words or phrases that are added to another word to modify its meaning, either by limiting it (He was “somewhat” busy) or by enhancing it (The dog was “very” cute)

Question 18

Qualitative evidence

Answer 18

Evidence supported by reason, tradition or precedent

Question 19

Quantitative evidence

Answer 19

Includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers – for instance, statistics, surveys, poll, census information

Question 20

Realism

Answer 20

Describing nature/life without idealization

Question 21

Rebuttal

Answer 21

Gives voice to possible objections

Question 22

Red herring

Answer 22

When a writer raises an irrelevant issue to draw attention away from the real issue (changing the subject and ignoring the main argument)