Week 7 Terms

Question 1

Isocolon

Answer 1

Succession of clauses of approximately equal length and structure

Question 2

Jargon

Answer 2

Specialized or technical language of a trade, profession or similar group

Question 3

Judgment/value

Answer 3

Evaluation of the accuracy or error of something usually based on a particular set of values

Question 4

Juxtaposition

Answer 4

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences

Question 5

Leading question

Answer 5

Question that prompts or encourages the desired answer

Question 6

Litotes

Answer 6

Form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite

• Opposite of hyperbole
• Examples: “Not a bad idea,” “Not many,” “It isn’t very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain” (Salinger, Catcher in the Rye)

Question 7

Logic

Answer 7

Process of reasoning

Question 8

Logical Fallacies

Answer 8

Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument

-Often arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it

Question 9

Loose sentence

Answer 9

Type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases or clauses

• If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence
• Work containing many loose sentences often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational

Question 10

Metaphor

Answer 10

Figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity
-Metaphorical language makes writing more vivid, imaginative, thought provoking, and meaningful

Question 11

Metonymy

Answer 11

Term from the Greek meaning “changed label” or “substitute name,” metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it
-Ex: news release that claims “the White House declared” rather than “the President declared” is using metonymy; Shakespeare uses it to signify the male and female sexes in As You Like It: “doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous to petticoat.” The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional impact.

Question 12

Mode of discourse

Answer 12

Discussion on a specific topic

Question 13

Monologue

Answer 13

Long speech given by one person, also known as a “soliloquy” (if the character speaks inner thoughts to the audience and no other characters hear)

Question 14

Mood

Answer 14

Prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work

• Setting, tone, and events can affect the mood
• Mood is similar to tone and atmosphere

Question 15

Motif

Answer 15

Repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work used to develop theme or characters

Question 16

Narrative

Answer 16

Telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events

Question 17

Non sequitur

Answer 17

Fallacy of argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically; one point doesn’t follow from another (If you’re really my friend, you’ll lend me five hundred dollars)

Question 18

Occasion

Answer 18

Time and place a speech is given or a piece is written

Question 19

Onomatopoeia

Answer 19

Ffigure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words
-Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum, crack, whinny, and murmur

Question 20

Overgeneralization

Answer 20

Statements so general that they oversimplify reality