Week 9: Social Behavior

Question 1

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 1

voluntary behavior that benefits others or promotes harmonious relationships with others

Question 2

What are some characteristics of prosocial behavior

Answer 2

includes moral behavior
-being kind
-being honest
-sharing
-helping others

Question 3

Infancy/Toddlerhood (birth to 3 years)

Answer 3

some people think that infants have a universal tendency to share
-by age 2, self interest begins to interfere with sharing behavior

Question 4

Early Childhood (3-5)

Answer 4

More selective and more effective prosocial behaviors
-“sharers” tend to be “snatchers”

Question 5

Middle Childhood (6-10 years)

Answer 5

children become more sophisticated with social competence
-might be asked to care for younger siblings

Question 6

Adolescence (10-18 years)

Answer 6

skills increase, but the frequency of prosocial behaviors doesn’t increase

Question 7

What predicts individual differences in prosocial behavior

Answer 7

• emotional competence and empathy
  -parental responsiveness and attachment
  -discipline
• reinforcement
  -practice
  -gender
  – social and cultural norms may influene how much and what kinds of proscial behavior children engage in

Question 8

Victim-centered induction

Answer 8

a form of inductive discipline in which the adult points out how the child’s behavior made the victim feel

Question 9

Oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 9

a clinical diagnosis iven to children who are excessively defiant and hostile for at least 6 months

Question 10

Direct agression

Answer 10

easily observable

Question 11

Verbal

Answer 11

threats and namecalling

Question 12

Social

Answer 12

undermining someone else’s relationships or social status

Question 13

Reactive agression

Answer 13

provoked and retaliation

Question 14

Proactive aggression

Answer 14

used to help person achieve personal goals

Question 15

Instrumental aggression

Answer 15

the use of threat or force to obtain something

Question 16

Bullying

Answer 16

repeated proactive aggression in which the bully has greater power than the victim

Question 17

Relational bullying

Answer 17

rumor, gossip, social

Question 18

Assistant

Answer 18

joins in with the bully but doesn’t initiate

Question 19

Reinforcer

Answer 19

eggs the bully on but doesn’t join

Question 20

Defender

Answer 20

stands up for victim

Question 21

Bystander

Answer 21

stands by, but does nothing but witnesses bully

Question 22

Outcome of bullying (somatic/physical)

Answer 22

sleep disturbances, stomachaches, headaches

Question 23

Outcome of buling (psychological)

Answer 23

depression, anxiety/social anxiety, lonliness, suicidal ideation, low self esteem

Question 24

Outcome of bullying (academic)

Answer 24

poor grades, absences from school, trouble concentrating

Question 25

How can educators prevent and reduce bullying?

Answer 25

-Create a school climate that does not accept bullying -Creating a sense of belonging and engaging all learners -Screen for problem behaviors early

Question 26

Hostile Attribution Bias

Answer 26

where children assume hostile intent on the part of others when it is not clear if there is a hostile event or not

Question 27

Conflict resolution strategies

Answer 27

compromise: negotiate, share, or take turns, as each side concedes something disengagement: walk away, stop the discussion, change the activity coercion: command or aggress so that one side submits

Question 28

Two goals in most conflict situations

Answer 28

achieve your own aims maintain the relationship

Question 29

Protective factors for agression

Answer 29

parental involvement, warmth, firm control, induction

Question 30

Risk factors for agression

Answer 30

insecure attachment, power assertion, maternal depression

Question 31

What kind of self esteem do bullies have

Answer 31

some have unrealistically high self esteem and some have a fragile or threatened self esteem

Question 32

Pseudomature

Answer 32

people with perceived popularity might engage in behaviors more typical of older teens

Question 33

True or false: boys are equally as socially aggressive as girls

Answer 33

true