Week 8: Peers and Play

Question 1

Controversial

Answer 1

most likely to change
-moderate high aggression and high prosocial
-liked by many and disliked by many

Question 2

Rejected

Answer 2

least likely to change
-high prosocial

Question 3

Neglected

Answer 3

most likely to change
-low aggression and low prosocial
-neither liked or disliked by peers

Question 4

Average

Answer 4

moderate aggression and moderate prosocial

Question 5

What peer status is the most common and what is the least common?

Answer 5

average is the most common with 40-60%
controversial is the least common with 6%

Question 6

When is peer rejection a problem

Answer 6

If it lasts for a year or more there is a risk of low academic achievement, etc

Question 7

Rejected withdrawn

Answer 7

internalizing problems and psychological distress

Question 8

Rejected aggressive

Answer 8

externalixing problems

Question 9

Protective factors for peer relationships

Answer 9

-sports and other group activities
-prosocial behavior
-Social skills
-Parent’s direct coaching of social skills

Question 10

Having one friend helps with:

Answer 10

academic achievement
managing, understanding and talking about emotions
learning and practice social skills

Question 11

Sociometric popularity

Answer 11

well liked and prosocial kids
- peer status: popular and they are the “good” kind of popular

Question 12

Perceived Popularity

Answer 12

high social impact but not well liked
peer status: controversial or rejected
“cool kids” but many antisocial behaviors

Question 13

Sociometric method

Answer 13

• ask kids who they like
  -ask for a bestfriends list
• self report of feelings or actions

Question 14

Sociogram or Friend Networks

Answer 14

Map out which students interact and spend time together
- actions might be measured by:
– observe in a classroom
–social medium interactions

Question 15

Peers

Answer 15

children in a community who are the same age

Question 16

Friends

Answer 16

people who choose to spend time together and thend to have deeper emotional connections

Question 17

Clique

Answer 17

tightly knit group of about 2-10 students that spend time together

Question 18

Crowd:

Answer 18

Larger group of students who are connected mmore by reputation, sterotypes, or similar attiutdes and activites; more loosely connected than cliques

Question 19

Homophily

Answer 19

tendency to prefer similar others, this increased with age

Question 20

Gender Segregation

Answer 20

when given a choice children tend to affiliate with peers of the same gender, this decreases with age

Question 21

Infancy and early childhood (birth-5years)

Answer 21

-identify a “friend” by ages 304
-playmates
-same sex references
-Imaginary friends are possible for children from 3-7

Question 22

Middle Childhood (6-12)

Answer 22

-average 3-8 friends
-homophily becomes stronger
-spend more time with peers
–school
-more organized peer activites
-highly gener segregated cliques

Question 23

Adolescence (13-19)

Answer 23

-eschange things, share activites
- 1/3 waking hours with friends
-use peers as confidants
-increase in gang membership and romance and sexual attraction

Question 24

Peer pressure

Answer 24

friends exert pressure on each other to conform to group norms
- can influence academic, emotional well being, and social well being

Question 25

Deviancy training

Answer 25

when peers encourage, model, and reward agressive or antisocial behavior in each other

Question 26

Who is most susceptible to negative peer pressure

Answer 26

Insecurely attached to their parents
Rejected by the largest peer group and have delinquent friends
Dabble in delinquency but not yet fully committed to it
Believe that minor delinquency is common

Question 27

Who is most powerful at exerting peer pressure?

Answer 27

Children who have high status and cliques that are highly visible

Question 28

Play

Answer 28

pleasurable often including smiling or laughing
-spontaneous, flexible, and internally comtrolled

Question 29

Functional Play

Answer 29

simple movement or repetitive, practice like behavior, such as shaking a rattle

Question 30

Physical Play

Answer 30

large movement of the joy movement, such as climbing, running, or chasing

Question 31

Constructive Play

Answer 31

creating or building something with a goal in mind, such as building blocks or drawing with crayons

Question 32

Pretense or dramatic play

Answer 32

transforming objects and identities. Imaginary friends are a type of pretense

Question 33

Games with rules

Answer 33

play in which children must adapt their behavior to explicit prearraged rules such as checkers

Question 34

Unoccupied and onlookers

Answer 34

following others around or watching their play,perhaps even talking to them but not joining in on the play

Question 35

Solitary Play

Answer 35

playing alone when playmates are available with no reference to what others are doing

Question 36

Parallel Play

Answer 36

playing near others with similar toys but not seeking to interact, children play beside rather than with others

Question 37

Associative Play

Answer 37

borrowing toys or following each other, but the children do whatever they want to

Question 38

Coorperative play

Answer 38

group is organized around a goal, ot a formal game, and division of roles

Question 39

Rough and Tumble Play

Answer 39

-children are smiling
-wanting to participate
-keep returning for more

Question 40

Solitary-active play

Answer 40

play involving functional or pretend play while alone

Question 41

Why can solitary active play be a red flag

Answer 41

it is a red flag for poor social skills if a child plays along when others are available to play

Question 42

Solitary Passive Play

Answer 42

play involving construction or exploring objects while aone

Question 43

Selection

Answer 43

children are exposed to both boy and girl patterns ar school but they select playmates who have play patterns similar to their own

Question 44

Socialization

Answer 44

gender differences become more pronounced over time as children socialize one another within their same sex play groups
ex: beginning of the year teachers see fewer gender difference than they do at the end of the year

Question 45

Ideas to encourage play in the classroom

Answer 45

-provide props, space, and time for play
-provide games and puzzles when appropriate
-use games for “drill and practice”
-use play centers
-use mind play