Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NURS 401 > Week 9: Skin Care > Flashcards

Week 9: Skin Care Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Skin

A
  • Protect underlying structures
  • Regulate body temperature
  • Sensory input
  • Stores fat
  • Metabolism of salt and water
  • Gas exchange
  • Production of vitamin D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Xerox is

A

Extremely dry, cracked and itchy skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Xerosis is caused by

A

-Decrease in epidermal filaggrin, which is a protein required for binding of keratin into macrofibrils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Xerosis is primarily found on the

A
  • Extremities (mostly the legs)

- May affect trunk and face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pruritus

A
  • Itchy skin

- Can cause skin injury secondary to scratching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pruritus can be aggravated by

A
  • Perfumed detergents
  • Fabric softeners
  • Heat
  • Sweating
  • Restrictive clothing
  • Exercise
  • Medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pruritis may result from

A

-Systemic disease such as chronic renal failure, biliary or hepatic disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Failure to control pruritus can increase the risk for what?

A
  • Eczema excoriation
  • Cracks
  • Infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Scabies

A
  • Causes intense itching
  • Caused by tiny mite (sarcoptes Scabiei)
  • Contagious, easily transmitted through close physical contact; intimate or casual.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is scabies diagnosed?

A

Visually or via skin scraping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is scabies treated?

A
  • Prescribed lotions and creams
  • Clothes and linens need to be washed in hot, soapy water and dried with high heat.
  • Rooms need to be cleaned and vacuumed.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Purpura

A
  • Fragility of dermal capillaries secondary to dermal thinning causing blood vessels to rupture -> extravasation of blood into surrounding tissue.
  • Increases with age.
  • Commonly seen on dorsal forearm and hands.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes a person more susceptible to purpura?

A

Blood thinners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Skin Tears

A
  • Occurs because the skin is thin and fragile.

- Painful, acute, accidental in nature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Management of Skin Tears

A
  • Proper assessment
  • Control of bleeding
  • Cleanse with nontoxic solution
  • Appropriate dressing
  • Management of exudate
  • Prevention of infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are types of keratosis?

A
  • Seborrheic Keratosis

- Actinic Keratosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Seborrheic Keratosis

A
  • Benign growth
  • Mainly see on trunk, face, scalp, and neck
  • Waxy, raised, stuck-on appearance
  • Flesh colored or pigmented, various sizes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A
  • Precancerous
  • Related to exposure to UV light
  • Rough scaly sandpaper patches
  • Pink to reddish brown with erythematous base
19
Q

What increases the risk for actinic keratosis?

A
  • Increased age

- Fair complexion

20
Q

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

A

-Viral infection caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster (chicken pox) virus

21
Q

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) are preceded by

A
  • Itching
  • Tingling
  • Rash along the dermatology prior to outbreak of vesicular lesions
22
Q

Signs of Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

A
  • Lesions that rupture, crust over and heal

- Infectious until crusts over

23
Q

Treatment for Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

A
  • Analgesics
  • Calamine lotion
  • Antiviral agents
  • Zoster vaccine if greater than 60 years old
24
Q

What are complications of Herpes Zoster (Shingles)?

A
  • Postherpetic neuralgia

- Eye involvement

25
Q

Candidiasis

A
  • Caused by fungus Candida albicans found on the skin

- Found in warm, moist areas of the skin, like skin folds, axillae and groin.

26
Q

What are risk factors for candidiasis?

A
  • Obesity
  • Malnourishment
  • Antibiotic or steroid use
  • Immunocompromised
  • Chemotherapy
  • Diabetes
27
Q

Candidiasis is commonly called what when inside the mouth?

A

Thrush

28
Q

Skin cancer: Basal Cell

A
  • Most common malignant skin cancer
  • Slow growing and metastasis is rare.
  • Early detection and treatment minimizes damage.
29
Q

Skin Cancer: Basal Cell is triggered by what factors?

A
  • Extensive sun exposure
  • Burns
  • Chronic irritation
  • Ulceration
30
Q

Skin cancer: Squamous cell

A
  • Aggressive and high incidence of metastasis

- Slightly different clinical manifestations and may be overlooked

31
Q

What are major risk factors for squamous cell skin cancer?

A
  • Sun exposure
  • Fair skin
  • Immunosuppression
32
Q

Treatment for squamous cell skin cancer depends on

A

Size
Histology
Patient preference

33
Q

Melanoma

A
  • Neoplasm of the melanocytes

- Multicolored, raised, asymmetrical, irregular borders.

34
Q

What are risk factors for melanoma?

A
  • More than 50 moles
  • Sun sensitivity
  • History of excessive sun exposure
  • Severe sunburns
  • Tanning beds
35
Q

Indoor Tanning

A

Increases the risk for melanoma by 75% when started before age 35.

36
Q

Pressure Ulcers

A

A localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue, usually over a bony prominence as a result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear.

37
Q

What are characteristics of pressure ulcers?

A
  • Most frequently occur on the posterior aspects of the body, especially sacrum, heels and greater trochanter.
  • May also e seen on lateral knees and ankles, pinna of the ears, occiput, elbows and scapulae.
38
Q

Skin Changes at the End of Life

A
  • Skin failure is defined as “an event in which the skin and underlying tissue die due to hypoperfusion that occurs with severe dysfunction or failure of other organs”
  • Occurs during the last days or weeks of life
  • Unavoidable part of dying and occur even if evidence-based strategies are employed
39
Q

What are risk factors for pressure ulcers?

A
  • Changes in skin
  • Comorbid illnesses
  • Nutrition status
  • Frailty
  • Surgical procedure (orthopedic/cardiac)
  • Cognitive deficits
  • Incontinence
  • Reduced mobility
40
Q

Pressure ulcers in darker skinned patient’s

A

Redness or blanching may NOT be the first sign of PU in darker pigmented persons but may look purplish in color or look like a bruise

41
Q

Prevention of PU

A

-Addressing limited mobility, compromised skin integrity and nutritional support

42
Q

Assessment of PU

A
  • Thorough assessment of skin: Braden Scale
  • Nutritional evaluation
  • Laboratory studies
  • Positioning
  • Incontinence care
43
Q

Know factors for Braden scale

A

..

NURS 401 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions