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NURS 401 > Week 2: Cross-Cultural Caring And Aging; Cognition And Learning; Communication With Older Adults > Flashcards

Week 2: Cross-Cultural Caring And Aging; Cognition And Learning; Communication With Older Adults Flashcards

1
Q

Culture

A

Learned values, beliefs, expectations and behaviors of a group of people.

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2
Q

Enculturation

A

Cultural beliefs passed down from one generation to another.

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3
Q

Acculturation

A

A process where persons from one culture adapt to another culture

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4
Q

Cultural Diversity

A

Is the existence of more than one group with differing values and perspectives.

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5
Q

Diversity in the United States usually refers to

A

Six ethnographical groups including: African American, Asian American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaskan Native, White and Hispanic

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6
Q

Increased diversity caused the US Census to expirament with subcategories like

A

“Mixed race”

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7
Q

Even among or within groups, other kinds of diversity exists such as

A

Gender, power or status.

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8
Q

Health Disparity

A

Refers to differences in health outcomes between groups.

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9
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The belief that one ethnic/cultural group is superior to another.

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10
Q

Stereotyping

A

Application of limited knowledge of race, ethnicity, age, or culture to an individual.

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11
Q

Cultural Destructiveness

A

Systematic elimination of the recognized culture.

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12
Q

Cultural Blindness

A

Belief that there are no differences.

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13
Q

Rae

A

A phenotype as expressed in observable traits such as eye color, facial structure, hair texture and especially skin tones.

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14
Q

Ethnicity

A

Refers to the cultural group with which one self-identifies

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15
Q

Cultural Proficiency

A

The ability to move smoothly between two worlds for the promotion of health and caring of persons

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16
Q

Cultural Proficiency allows for

A

Increased ability to build relationships with members of a variety of cultures as a part of natural daily practice.

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17
Q

On Lok Program

A

Most well-known model for cross-cultural Gerontological care of program all inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)

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18
Q

Components of On Lok Program include

A
  • access to a professional interpreter
  • programs reflect diversity of participants
  • consider monocultural facilities or units
  • staff reflects diversity of residents
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19
Q

The Learn Model

A
  • Simple and Effective
  • Guides nurses in clinical setting while interacting with elders of any ethnicity
  • Based on a negotiated plan of care that includes identification of availability of culturally appropriate and sensitive community resources.
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20
Q

Cultural Identity

A

One of the major elements of self-concept and key to self-esteem

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21
Q

Nuclear or extended family is the chief avenue of

A

Transmitting cultural values, beliefs, customs and practices.

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22
Q

Cognition

A

The process of acquiring, storing, sharing and using information.

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23
Q

Components of cognitive function include

A
  • language
  • thought
  • memory
  • executive function
  • judgement
  • attention
  • perception
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24
Q

Research suggests that cognitive function and intellectual capacity is a

A

Complex interplay of age-related changes in the brain and nervous system.

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25
Q

Other important factors of adult cognition include

A
  • education
  • environment
  • nutrition
  • life experiences
  • physical function
  • emotions
  • biomedical and physiological factors
  • genetics
26
Q

Know Box 5-1 Dispelling myths about cognition

A

May be on exam

27
Q

Know Box 5-2 Aging changes in the CNS

A

May be on exam

28
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

Adults can strengthen and increase neuronal connections - positive neuroplasticity

29
Q

“Use it or lose it”

A

Is important in both cognitive and physical health

30
Q

Stimulating the brain can

A

Increase cognitive reserve.

31
Q

Cognitive reserve capacity

A

Varies among people

32
Q

Comparison of brain function in older adults vs young adults

A
  • Older adults are thought to use both hemispheres more equally than younger adults.
  • Have a greater density of synapses
  • More use of frontal lobe (abstract reasoning)
  • Better problem solving and concept formation
33
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

(Street smarts)

-Consists of skills biologically determined, independent of experience or learning.

34
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

(Book smarts)

-is composed of knowledge and abilities acquired through education and life.

35
Q

Memory

A

Ability to retain and store information and retrieve when needed.

36
Q

3 Components of Memory

A
  1. Immediate recall
  2. Short-term recall
  3. Remote or long term recall
37
Q

Recall of Information tends to

A

Decline with age

38
Q

What factors remain intact and sufficient as one ages?

A
  • Processing
  • Reaction time
  • Perception
  • Capacity for attentional tasks
  • Majority of function
39
Q

Cognitive Health is define as

A

“The development and preservation of the multidimensional cognitive structure that allows the older adult to maintain social connectedness, an ongoing sense of purpose, and the abilities to function independently, to permit functional recovery from illness or injury, and to cope with residual functional deficits.” (Hendrie et al., 2006)

40
Q

Nurses need to educate people of all ages about

A

The effective strategies to enhance cognitive health and vitality

41
Q

Health promotion education activities should be tailored to

A

Specific communities and cultural subgroups

42
Q

Health Literacy

A

The capacity to which individuals can obtain, process and understand basic health information.

43
Q

Health Literacy is linked to

A
  • Health disparities
  • Poor health outcomes
  • Inadequate preventative care
  • Increased use of health services
  • Higher health care costs
  • Higher risk of mortality for older adults
  • Safety errors including medical and medication errors.
44
Q

Box 5-10 Healthy 2020 goals and objectives for improving health literacy.

A

….

45
Q

Box 5-11 Available resources to assess health literacy and design effective education

A

….

46
Q

Health Literacy: Methods for teaching

A
  • Use plain language and provide information at a level no higher than 6th grade.
  • Use teach back and show me strategies
  • Increase understanding of medications
  • Serve as the patient’s advocate
47
Q

Ageism*

A

Stereotyping and discriminating against people due to age.

48
Q

Elderspeak*

A
  • A form of ageism where speech patterns are changed based on assumption that older people have difficulty communicating and understanding.
  • Similar to “baby talk”
49
Q

Examples of elderspeak include

A
  • Using a singsong voice, changing pitch, and exaggerating words.
  • Using short, simple sentences
  • Speaking more slowly
  • Using limited vocabulary
  • Repeating or paraphrasing what was just said
  • Using pet names such as “honey” or “dear” or “sweetie”.
  • Using collective pronouns - “would we like to eat now?”
50
Q

Older adults may need more time to respond because

A

They are drawing from a larger life experience

51
Q

Communication that is most productive with older adults initially focuses on

A

Major concerns

52
Q

What are important communication strategies with older adults?

A

Listening carefully
Clarifying
Patience

53
Q

What position should you be in when communicating with older adults?

A

Should position yourself at their level as much as possible.

54
Q

Listening to life stories provide

A

Important information about etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and the experience of living with an illness.

55
Q

Life Story

A

An important developmental task to make sense of and feel satisfaction for a life lived
“Ego integrity versus self-despair”

56
Q

Reminiscing in Older adults

A

Cultivates a sense of security through recounting of comforting memories belonging through sharing and self-esteem through uniqueness.

57
Q

Reminiscing can

A
  • increase quantity and quality of communication
  • contribute to stress reduction
  • reduce behavioral problems
58
Q

Cognitively impaired older adults can benefit from

A

Memory-enhancing activities based on their level of cognitive ability

59
Q

The TimeSlips Program

A

An evidence based innovation that uses storytelling to enhance person’s lives.

60
Q

Life review may be especially important for older people experiencing

A

Depressive symptoms and those facing death

61
Q

Life Review occurs most frequently as

A

An internal review of memories, an intensely private soul-searching activity.

62
Q

Add notes from weekly review PowerPoint

A

…

NURS 401 (26 decks)

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