week 9 part 1 Flashcards
What does stress have an impact on?
- Mood disorder
2. Mental disorder
What are the neuroendocrine response to stress?
- Cognitive identification of stimulus
- Appraisal of capacity to respond
- Physiological response
- Behavioural response
- Recovery
What is stress?
A learned response in majority of the cases
What can stress also be?
Autonomic sensor response to an environment that is noxious/ damaging to the organism
What is the cognitive identification of stimulus seen as ?
- Stressful
2. harmful
What are examples of physiological response?
- Increase heart rate
- Respiration
- Vasoconstriction
- Suppression of immune and reproductive system
- Redirection of glucose metabolism
What is behavioural response?
e.g. fight or flight
What is recovery?
Return to homeostasis
How do these physiological responses occur?
- Very rapidly
2. Bypasses cognitive identification in certain circumstances
When does stress occur?
Arousal
What will arousal evoke?
The stress response of predator
What is not always negative?
The psychological stress
What involves the activation of almost all nervous system?
- The physiological healthy stress response
2. The maladaptive stress response
What happens when the organism is recognising the stressor?
It’s engaging the central nervous system
When is the thermoreceptor in the skin sending information to the spinal cord?
When an organism is in the presnece of strong level of pollution or elevated heat
What occurs when the brain is engaged in the stress response?
It will send signals via the peripheral nervous system e.g. ANS or SNS
What is the consequence of ANS becoming activated by stress?
- More muscles become activated by stress
2. Voluntary muscles become innervated
What will the sympathetic nervous system be mobilising?
The resources of glucose in your cells and start changing the metabolism of fat and protein and turning it into sugar
What systems will shut down as a response to stress response?
- Immune systems
2. Reproductive systems
What does stress involve?
Main centre of sensation gathering
sensation relay of the brain
Where does the stress response start?
Hypothalamus
- send hormone signals to other parts of the brain to trigger physiological stress response
What is the mechanism of hypothalamus?
- Hypothalamus releases hormone into pituitary gland
- Releases hormone
- Reaches the circulation
- Reach top of kidney into adrenal gland
- Release glucorticoid (cortisol)
What does hypothalamus take on?
- Visual Information
- Auditory Information
- Takes information from nerve endingsand receptor son skin
What is released at the level of hypothalamus?
Release of CRH
What will CRH stimulate?
The release of ACTH fin the pituitary gland
Where will ACTH reach?
The bloodstream into adrenal gland and produce the release of glucorticoid
What is the limbic system?
complex set of structures that lies on both side of the thalamus, just under the cerebrum
series of cortical structures surrounding the limit between the cerebral hemispheres and the brainstem
What does the limbic system include?
- Hypothalamus
- Hippocampus
- Amygdala
- Other several other nearby areas
What is the role of limbic system?
- primarily responsible for our emotional life
2. Formation of memories
What is the integrator of stress response?
Amygdala
What is the limbic system seen as ?
Primitive evolutionary parts of the brain