Week 9 NBE Skills Review Flashcards by Trent Nielsen

The simplest and smallest forms of life known

viruses

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Do viruses require an electron microscope to see them?

Yes

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True or False: Some consider viruses to not be alive because they cannot metabolize their own energy or reproduce themselves without the components of another living cell.

True

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Are viruses obligate intracellular parasites?

Yes

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Viruses are so small that they pass through biological filters. True/False

True

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Most antibiotics work by interrupting the metabolism of bacteria. Does this work on viruses?

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The basic structure of a virus includes:
-a nucleic acid core composed of 1 or 2 types: either DNA or RNA
-the nucleic acid core is surround by a protein coat called a capsid
-the capsid is composed of individual structural sub-units called capsomeres
-some viruses also have an envelope around the capsid (but not all viruses)
-mature infectious viruses are called virions
-there are numerous ways to classify viruses, but we will do so ‘according to the tissue of preferred growth’

True

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Dermotropic diseases

diseases of the skin

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Smallpox is a dermotropic disease. True/False

True

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Smallpox is caused by what virus?

Variola

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How is smallpox transmitted?

via droplet spray or fomites contaminated with droplet spray

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Smallpox cause the sudden appearance of what?

a skin rash that progresses through a series of stages that ends with lesions scabbing over and falling off after about 3 or 4 weeks

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Has smallpox been eradicated around the world by vaccination?

Yes

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Measles are also known as

Rubeola or Red measles

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Rubeola

Red measles

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How are measles/rubeola/red measles transmitted?

direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individuals

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One of the most contagious of the childhood rash diseases

measles/rubeola/red measles

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True/False Measles is an acute, highly contagious disease.

True

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Where on the body does the rubeola/measles/red measles rash begin and move toward?

the rash begins at the head and moves downward

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Which disease manifests with ‘Koplik spots (small white spots) forming on the gums and inside of the cheeks’?

Measles/Rubeola/Red Measles

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What does the MMR vaccine stand for?

Measles, Mumps, Rubella

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German measles are also known as

Rubella or three-day measles

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Which is a milder form of measles: rubella or rubeola?

Rubella (German Measles)

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How are the German Measles/Rubella/3-day Measles transmitted?

direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individuals

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what color rash is indicative of Rubella?

pale pink rash

What are the symptoms of German Measles?

pale pink rash and slight fever -the rash begins at the head and moves downward

Which disease is most dangerous in pregnant women during the first trimester?

Rubella

What outcomes could occur when Rubella is contracted by a pregnant women in the first trimester?

miscarriage, stillbirth, or several serious birth deffects

Chickenpox is also known as

Varicella

Chickenpox is caused by what virus?

Varicella Zoster

Varicella Zoster virus causes which diseases?

-Chicken pox in children -Shingles in adults

Which is more readily transmitted- chickenpox or shingles?

chickenpox

Chickenpox causes what?

generalized, itchy, vesicular rash

How is chickenpox transmitted?

via droplet spray or through the vesicular fluid of the lesions

What is the progression of the chickenpox lesions?

begins as smooth, red spots that develop into blisters that last 3-4 days before forming crusty scabs

In addition to the rash, what are other symptoms of chickenpox?

-fever -general ill feeling

Do chickenpox rashes usually appear all at once?

No. They tend to appear in 2-4 successive crops, rather than all at once

Where can chickenpox lesions appear

Nearly anywhere: -scalp -vagina -cornea -in the mouth -conjunctiva -in the upper respiratory system

Shingles are also known as

Herpes zoster

Shingles is caused by what virus?

Varicella Zoster

Chickenpox is Type __ herpes.

Type 3

What does Zoster mean in Greek?

Belt/Girdle

Shingles rashes are more prevalent on what parts of the body?

head, neck, upper torso

Shingles primarily occurs in which demographic of people?

older adults and immunocompromised individuals

In addition to the rash, what symptoms does Shingles cause?

localized numbness, tingling, and often severe pain

Is there treatment for shingles?

No, except to treat the symptoms after getting the disease

Is there a vaccine for people who are at-risk for Shingles?

Yes

Which is Herpes Simplex Type 1?

the cold sores one

Which is Herpes Simplex Type 2?

the STD

How many types of Herpes are there?

Eight

Herpes simplex I and II are both recurrent viral infections. True/False

True

After first infection with Herpes, does the person become a carrier?

Yes

Does the herpes virus remain latent in the nerve sheaths of sensory nerves?

Yes

Is there a cure for herpes simplex 1 or 2?

No, recurrences will continue for life

What are common triggers for herpes simplex 1 or 2?

-fever -menses -stress -overexposure to sun

How is Herpes Simplex type 1 (cold sore one) transmitted?

oral and respiratory secretions

What does Herpes Simplex type 1 cause?

cold sores and fever blisters

What part of the body does Herpes Simplex Type 1 affect?

skin and mucous membranes

Herpes Simplex Type 2 is transmitted by

sexual contact

What does Human Papilloma Virus cause?

genital warts

What is the progression of the genital warts caused by HPV?

-begins as tiny, soft, moist, pink or red swellings -they grow rapidly and may develop stalks

Can Human Papilloma Virus be transmitted in childbirth?

Yes

Pneumotropic diseases

diseases of the respiratory tract

What are the signs and symptoms of Influenza (the flu)?

-fever -chills -sore throat -cough -runny nose and sometimes -headache -muscle pain -possible vomiting

The common cold is also known as

coryza

Signs/Symptoms of Common Cold

-nasal congestion -mild sore throat -runny nose and sometimes: -runny eyes -headache

Hantavirus is what kind of disease?

severe, life-threatening respiratory disease

Which disease is attributed to the "Four Corners" area of the U.S.? (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah)

Hantavirus

How is Hantavirus contracted?

inhalation of dried feces, urine, saliva of the long-tailed deer mouse

Portals of entry for Hantavirus

open wounds, abrasions, or by ingestion

Hantavirus signs/symptoms

non-descript flu-like with fever, muscle aches, and coughing Also, back pain develops--indicating lung problems *lungs rapidly deteriorate and fill with fluid *respiratory failure and shock = death within 5-7 days