Week 9 NBE Skills Review Flashcards
The simplest and smallest forms of life known
viruses
Do viruses require an electron microscope to see them?
Yes
True or False: Some consider viruses to not be alive because they cannot metabolize their own energy or reproduce themselves without the components of another living cell.
True
Are viruses obligate intracellular parasites?
Yes
Viruses are so small that they pass through biological filters. True/False
True
Most antibiotics work by interrupting the metabolism of bacteria. Does this work on viruses?
No
The basic structure of a virus includes:
-a nucleic acid core composed of 1 or 2 types: either DNA or RNA
-the nucleic acid core is surround by a protein coat called a capsid
-the capsid is composed of individual structural sub-units called capsomeres
-some viruses also have an envelope around the capsid (but not all viruses)
-mature infectious viruses are called virions
-there are numerous ways to classify viruses, but we will do so ‘according to the tissue of preferred growth’
True
Dermotropic diseases
diseases of the skin
Smallpox is a dermotropic disease. True/False
True
Smallpox is caused by what virus?
Variola
How is smallpox transmitted?
via droplet spray or fomites contaminated with droplet spray
Smallpox cause the sudden appearance of what?
a skin rash that progresses through a series of stages that ends with lesions scabbing over and falling off after about 3 or 4 weeks
Has smallpox been eradicated around the world by vaccination?
Yes
Measles are also known as
Rubeola or Red measles
Rubeola
Red measles
How are measles/rubeola/red measles transmitted?
direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individuals
One of the most contagious of the childhood rash diseases
measles/rubeola/red measles
True/False Measles is an acute, highly contagious disease.
True
Where on the body does the rubeola/measles/red measles rash begin and move toward?
the rash begins at the head and moves downward
Which disease manifests with ‘Koplik spots (small white spots) forming on the gums and inside of the cheeks’?
Measles/Rubeola/Red Measles
What does the MMR vaccine stand for?
Measles, Mumps, Rubella
German measles are also known as
Rubella or three-day measles
Which is a milder form of measles: rubella or rubeola?
Rubella (German Measles)
How are the German Measles/Rubella/3-day Measles transmitted?
direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individuals
what color rash is indicative of Rubella?
pale pink rash
What are the symptoms of German Measles?
pale pink rash and slight fever
-the rash begins at the head and moves downward
Which disease is most dangerous in pregnant women during the first trimester?
Rubella
What outcomes could occur when Rubella is contracted by a pregnant women in the first trimester?
miscarriage, stillbirth, or several serious birth deffects
Chickenpox is also known as
Varicella
Chickenpox is caused by what virus?
Varicella Zoster
Varicella Zoster virus causes which diseases?
-Chicken pox in children
-Shingles in adults
Which is more readily transmitted- chickenpox or shingles?
chickenpox
Chickenpox causes what?
generalized, itchy, vesicular rash
How is chickenpox transmitted?
via droplet spray or through the vesicular fluid of the lesions
What is the progression of the chickenpox lesions?
begins as smooth, red spots that develop into blisters that last 3-4 days before forming crusty scabs
In addition to the rash, what are other symptoms of chickenpox?
-fever
-general ill feeling
Do chickenpox rashes usually appear all at once?
No. They tend to appear in 2-4 successive crops, rather than all at once
Where can chickenpox lesions appear
Nearly anywhere:
-scalp
-vagina
-cornea
-in the mouth
-conjunctiva
-in the upper respiratory system
Shingles are also known as
Herpes zoster
Shingles is caused by what virus?
Varicella Zoster
Chickenpox is Type __ herpes.
Type 3
What does Zoster mean in Greek?
Belt/Girdle
Shingles rashes are more prevalent on what parts of the body?
head, neck, upper torso
Shingles primarily occurs in which demographic of people?
older adults and immunocompromised individuals
In addition to the rash, what symptoms does Shingles cause?
localized numbness, tingling, and often severe pain
Is there treatment for shingles?
No, except to treat the symptoms after getting the disease
Is there a vaccine for people who are at-risk for Shingles?
Yes
Which is Herpes Simplex Type 1?
the cold sores one
Which is Herpes Simplex Type 2?
the STD
How many types of Herpes are there?
Eight
Herpes simplex I and II are both recurrent viral infections. True/False
True
After first infection with Herpes, does the person become a carrier?
Yes
Does the herpes virus remain latent in the nerve sheaths of sensory nerves?
Yes
Is there a cure for herpes simplex 1 or 2?
No, recurrences will continue for life
What are common triggers for herpes simplex 1 or 2?
-fever
-menses
-stress
-overexposure to sun
How is Herpes Simplex type 1 (cold sore one) transmitted?
oral and respiratory secretions
What does Herpes Simplex type 1 cause?
cold sores and fever blisters
What part of the body does Herpes Simplex Type 1 affect?
skin and mucous membranes
Herpes Simplex Type 2 is transmitted by
sexual contact
What does Human Papilloma Virus cause?
genital warts
What is the progression of the genital warts caused by HPV?
-begins as tiny, soft, moist, pink or red swellings
-they grow rapidly and may develop stalks
Can Human Papilloma Virus be transmitted in childbirth?
Yes
Pneumotropic diseases
diseases of the respiratory tract
What are the signs and symptoms of Influenza (the flu)?
-fever
-chills
-sore throat
-cough
-runny nose
and sometimes
-headache
-muscle pain
-possible vomiting
The common cold is also known as
coryza
Signs/Symptoms of Common Cold
-nasal congestion
-mild sore throat
-runny nose
and sometimes:
-runny eyes
-headache
Hantavirus is what kind of disease?
severe, life-threatening respiratory disease
Which disease is attributed to the “Four Corners” area of the U.S.? (Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah)
Hantavirus
How is Hantavirus contracted?
inhalation of dried feces, urine, saliva of the long-tailed deer mouse
Portals of entry for Hantavirus
open wounds, abrasions, or by ingestion
Hantavirus signs/symptoms
non-descript flu-like with fever, muscle aches, and coughing
Also, back pain develops–indicating lung problems
*lungs rapidly deteriorate and fill with fluid
*respiratory failure and shock = death within 5-7 days
