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Operative I > Week 9 Instruments and Equipment > Flashcards

Week 9 Instruments and Equipment Flashcards

1
Q

what are examples of non cutting hand instruments

A

amalgam condensers, mirrors, explorers, probes

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2
Q

what are examples of cutting hand instruments

A

excavators, chisels

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3
Q

shank is angled to allow ____

A

the cutting edge of the blade to be within the projected axis of the handle
- allows force on blade without rotation

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4
Q

double ended instruements are ___. single ended instruments are ____.

A

more efficient; safer.

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5
Q

what are the shank angles

A

triple angle
- bin angle
- mon angle

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6
Q

which of the shank angles are contra angles

A

triple angle and bin angle

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7
Q

what are exampls of bi- bevels

A

chisels, ordinary hatchets

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8
Q

what are examples of single bevels

A

gingival margin trimmers

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9
Q

what are the two types of gingival margin trimmers

A

distal and mesial

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10
Q

what is the cutting edge angle measured from

A

a line parallel to the long axis of the instrument handle in clockwise centrigrades. angle is expressed as a percent of 260 degrees
- not present all of the time

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11
Q

what hands instruments do we use all the time in restorations

A

mirros
-condenser
- burnisher
- amalgam carrier
-carvers
- optrasculpt
- articulating paper holder

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12
Q

what does the term bur refer to

A

all rotary cutting instruments that have bladed cutting heads

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13
Q

what are burs used for

A

prepare enamel
- adjust resin restorations
-finish metal and resin restorations
- lab work
- surgical removal of bone

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14
Q

what are the different bur types

A

latch type shank and friction grip shank

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15
Q

what are the carbide burs for tooth prep

A

-round
- inverted cone
- pear shaped
- straight fissure
-tapered fissure

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16
Q

what shape is the 330

A

pear shaped

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17
Q

what shape is the 169

A

inverted cone

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18
Q

what shape is 56

A

straight fissure

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19
Q

what shape is the 245

A

pear shaped

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20
Q

what is the arbitrary numerical code for head size and shape of burs

A
  • 2: 1 mm diameter round bur
  • 57: 1 mm diameter straight fissure bur
  • 34: 0.8 mm diameter inverted cone bur
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21
Q

describe carbide burs

A

stiffer and stronger than steels
- more brittle

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22
Q

what are the diamond particle sizes

A

-coarse
-medium
fine
- finishing burs
- even more fine

23
Q

what are the types of diamond burs

A

-flat end taper
- flat end cylinder
-flame
- wheel

24
Q

describe diamond burs and their use

A
  • higher hardness
    -cutting effectiveness
  • used for: intracoronal and extracoronal tooth preps, bevel enamel margins, enameloplasty
25
Q

what are the parts of a handpiece

A

head
shank
connecting end
- swivel connector

26
Q

what is in the handpiece

A

the motor not the swivel

27
Q

what is the max rpm on pneumatic handpiece and electric

A

pneumatic: 450,000
electric: 200,000

28
Q

what is the rpm on the slow speed handpiece

A

20,000-40,000

29
Q

what are the precautions for potential hazards with cutting instruments

A

-pulplal precautions: light pressure, air water sprays and sharp burs
- soft tissue precautions: rubber dam, retract soft tissue

30
Q

how can we prevent hazards with cutting instruments

A
  • eye precautions: safety glasses for operator, assistant and patient
  • inhalation precautions: rubber dam, disposable masks
  • ear precautions: ear plugs, sound absorbing materials used on walls and floors
31
Q

describe the modified pen grasp

A
  • palm away from operator
  • 3rd and 4th fingers rest on nearby tooth
  • greatest sense of touch
32
Q

describe the inverted pen grasp

A
  • palm towards operator
  • used mostly for tooth preparation from lingual usually on anterior teeth
33
Q

describe the palm and thumb grasp

A
  • similar to holding a knife when pairing an apple
  • power grasp
  • thumb rests on a nearby tooth to operating site
34
Q

describe the modified palm and thumb grasp

A
  • power plus delicacy
  • rest thumb on same tooth that is being prepared or the adjacent tooth
35
Q

what do dull instruments result in

A

-more pressure needed
-more pain
-less control
-takes longer
-reduces quality

36
Q

what are sharpening hand instruments

A
  • stationary stones
  • mechanical sharpeners
    -handpiece sharpening stones
37
Q

what are the basic principles to sharpening hand instruments

A

-clean and sterilize instruments
- position blade
-use light pressure
- use a rest or guide
-remvove as little metal as possible
-lightly hone unbeveled side
-re sterilize

38
Q

what is sterilization

A

a process by which all forms of microbial life including bacteria, viruses, spores and fungi are completely destroyed

39
Q

what are the 4 acceptable methods of sterilization

A

-autoclave
- dry heat
- chemiclave
- ethylene oxide

40
Q

describe autoclaving

A

-uses steam under pressure
- 250 degree F, 15 PSI, 20 minutes
-shelves for cassettes

41
Q

describe dry heat

A

-oven type sterilizer
- 320 degrees F, 60-120 mins

42
Q

describe chemiclaving

A
  • chemical vapor pressure
  • uses chemical solution in a pressurized chamber
  • 270 degrees F, 20-40 PSI, 20 mins
  • proper ventilation must be installed
43
Q

describe ethylene oxide

A

-several hours below 100 decrees C
- proper ventilation must be installed

44
Q

how can manufacturers protect instruments

A

add rust inhibitors

45
Q

how can operators protect instruments

A

have instruments free of blood, debris and materials

46
Q

what is a big drawback of the original palodent

A

doesnt allow wedging

47
Q

what is the theory behind clamping with the original palodent

A

causes slight separation of the teeth and assists in getting better contact on the restoration

48
Q

does the palodent plus allow for wedge placement

A

yes

49
Q

when is the T band used

A

in pedodontics

50
Q

what matrix system is used for a severely damaged tooth

A

the automatrix system and the copper band

51
Q

what are the limitations to the automatrix system

A
  • must be held in place by your non dominant hand when there are no undercuts on the side walls of the tooth
    -doesnt work well when tooth defects go far apically
52
Q

how do you remove the copper band after packing amalgam

A

cut with a 169 bur

53
Q

what are the limitations of the copper band matrix

A
  • because of stiffness and thickness of copper band it is useful primarily on teeth already prepared for crowns. true contact with neighboring teeth is nearly impossible to obtain with a copper band matrix
  • must be stabilized with non dominant hand while packing amalgam or when cutting band for removal
  • copper bands are subject to strain hardening if you work the metal very much . if this happens hold over flame until it glows red and quench in water this is called stress relief annealing which softens the metal against so the copper does not resist attempts to shape it
54
Q

what is the purpose of water

A

for cooling so you dont burn the tooth

Operative I (12 decks)

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